Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Myerhoff An Anthropologist Essay - 3813 Words

In studying the Jewish elderly members of the Center, Myerhoff attempted to understand the people there as an isolated society with a distinct culture. Through participant observation, as well as carefully recorded interviews and conversations, Myerhoff aimed to document this culture and understand it as a basis for unity among the Center members. Her immersion in this culture along with her anthropological perspective made her successful in representing the people of the Center. In her book, Number the Days, Myerhoff provides readers with an ethnographic analysis of the existence of a culture. After reading the book, I feel that I have a comprehensive understanding of the Center people. Through her descriptions, based on†¦show more content†¦Despite initial assumptions and unanticipated intricacies of the group, I feel that Myerhoff successfully illustrated the distinctness and many facets of this culture that formed in response to the subsystems of Judaism and old age , as well as gender and the surrounding environment. In order to understand any culture, it is essential to acknowledge the importance of taking a holistic view. This approach, which gained recognition and validation in the twentieth century, stresses the importance of accounting for all of the components of a culture. The concept requires an understanding of each subsystem, which dictates certain aspects of the culture being studied. With this theory as basis for her approach, Myerhoff is faced with the difficult task of piecing together the many parts contributing to the formation of the culture at the Center, while simultaneously recognizing the distinctions between the acting subsystems. Sometimes it seems that realizing what leads to specific cultural constructs would be extremely difficult; this is especially the case with traits that have become so naturalized that only an outsider would recognize them as distinct and significant. That said, it is obvious that there are advantages to studying a completely exotic culture, as the majority of anthropologists do; however, Myerhoff chose to do her fieldwork in a culture that is centeredShow MoreRelatedRituals in Anthropology1617 Words   |  7 Pageslong and takes a large amount of patience. However, when it is completed the pilgrims achieve a new status, name, and are forgiven for their sins. Like the Hajj , In the film In Her Own Shoes, Dr. Myerhoff, an anthropologist goes through some rituals that help her achieve a new status. Dr. Myerhoff joins an Orthodox Jewish Community because she was diagnosed with lung cancer. Her two treatments of chemotherapy were not successful so now, all she had to turn to was religion. Within this OrthodoxRead MoreEssay about Postmodernism, Deconstructionism, and the Ethnographic Text5376 Words   |  22 Pagesethnography this ‘crossing of the line’ is most visibly associated with the reflexive ‘ethnographer in the event’ styles of Rouch, Stoller, MacDougal, Myerhoff, and Shostak, the first, third, and fourth also utilizing reflexive elements in their ethnographic films. Though they all broke with the conventions of ‘traditional ethnography, in my opinion Myerhoff and Shostack come closest to the stated goals of postmodern ethnography via there virtually horizontalization of the ethnographer-subject re lationship

Summary The Summer Of 2013 - 1146 Words

GNED 212-005 Friday 10:30am Assignment #1 Jyvell Cheddie-Mounsey In the summer of 2013 when I was turning seventeen years old I went down to the Caribbean to visit my grandmother. She lives on a small island called Petite Martinique, a couple hours away from Grenada by boat where my cousin and I went down together for vacation. At this point in time my cousin and I were seventeen years old and we were significantly below the legal drinking age in Petite Martinique. One night there was a big party on the island and my cousin and I decided to go. Before the party as I was getting ready my cousin came up to me and showed me a 1.75L bottle of Captain Morgan Black Spiced Rum. Although I was underage I decided to drink with my cousin. When we showed up to the party we began to drink and have fun as we danced the night away. Near the ending of the party I went to look for my cousin to go home. I walked outside and found him unconscious sitting on a chair. Knowing my grandmother would be awake when we get home is when I realized I was faced with an ethical dilemma. One option was I could try to carry my cousin home and sneak him into his own bed and hope my grandmother does not catch us, or I could just leave my cousin and protect my own interests. Due to the fact that it was his fault he got so severely intoxicated, if I were to leave him I would avoid getting in trouble due to the fact that it would be a lot less quiet if I went home alone. This is an ethical dilemma dueShow MoreRelatedThe Concept of Capsule Wardrobe1117 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The brief: It is October 2012 and the Monsoon Head of Buying and Merchandising has requested that you put together ideas for a Spring/Summer capsule collection that captures the essence of Monsoon and the predicted trends for the season. The new collection will be ranged in 5 flagship stores for a 12 week lifecycle from 1st December 2012 to 28th February 2013. You have been given a maximum open to buy budget (OTB) of  £275,000 to spend on the range. Through primary research and your knowledgeRead MoreWriting Effective Communication Exam 05002100799 Words   |  4 PagesPART A: INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM PHOENIX ADVERTISING INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM DATE: January 26, 2013 TO: Sunny Ray, Vice President Client Services, Grace Kennedy, Vice President Marketing, Summer Breeze, Vice President Creative Services FROM: Mark Hamilton SUBJECT: Roanoke Branch Update A situation has arisen at the Roanoke branch office whereby there has been some amount of discontent among the staff. The problem began after a recent change of staff at the management level; apparently someRead MoreBackground And Qualifications : Application And Evaluation Of Culturally Responsive Public Health Level At The George Washington University Milken1022 Words   |  5 Pages BACKGROUND AND QUALIFICATIONS SUMMARY: Ms. Argueta is currently applying to a Master of Public Health degree in Health Promotion at the George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health. She is interested in program design and evaluation of culturally-responsive public health interventions tailored to address the needs of the Latino community. EDUCATION: Biochemistry Molecular Biology, Communication minor B.S. 2010-2013 University of California, Davis; GraduatedRead MoreEffects of High-Stakes Testing on English Language Learners913 Words   |  4 Pagesyears. In 2007-08, 1.1 million ELLs were enrolled in urban schools, accounting for 16.5 percent of total district enrollment. In 2009–10, 1.2 million ELLs were enrolled, accounting for 17.5 percent of total district enrollment (Uro Barrio, p. 26, 2013). The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001 required students in grades three through eight to be tested every year in reading and math. While NCLB now holds educators more accountable with student learning, it now also tests English language learnersRead MoreThe Human Body Hair Of Hair1275 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Primate is the order of warm blooded animals that includes prosimians and anthropoids.† (Bonvillain and Miller 2013: 318). As an example, in the same way as monkeys and apes. â€Å"The hominids are also the members of the order Primates† (Bonvillain and Miller 201 3: 251). When people comparing human with other primates, the first mind come into people’s thought is body hair, since the body of hair is one of the most unique changes from apes to hominid evolution. Besides, â€Å"a Humans skin is the mostRead MoreDesign Of The Study On Art Education Curriculum And Practices1425 Words   |  6 Pageswhat curricula and practices art educators employ to best engage students living in low SES situations. Research Methods Due to the time restraints of the research project, data was collected through three interviews and two observations held at a summer art program that hosts students, eighty-five percent of which are living in low SES circumstances. The researcher conducted three interviews with a diverse group of art educators on the topic of engaging students in art, focusing on their experiencesRead MoreReviewing The Events Industry During The United Kingdom1397 Words   |  6 PagesTable 4.0 (10) Table 4.1 (11) Political Impacts 11 Conclusion Recommendations 12 References 13 Introduction The United Kingdom is a sovereign state consisting of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, constituting a 64.1 million strong population (2013). As a more economically developed country, the UK’s life expectancy is 81.50 years old with an aging population. â€Å"The events industry in the UK contributes to exports, inward investment, infrastructure development, cultural appreciation, civicRead MoreSensory Interventions Of Dementia Patients820 Words   |  4 Pages 1 Research Summary Table: Sensory Interventions in Dementia Patients Morgan Shippy (Students Name) Northwest Arkansas Community College NURS9108: Fundamentals of Nursing Summer 2016 (Term Year) 2 Research Summary Table: Sensory Interventions in Dementia Patients Author, Year of Publication Purpose Sample/ Number of ParticipantsRead MoreEssay on George Orwell’s 1984 and the National Security Agency (NSA)678 Words   |  3 PagesNational Security Agency. The NSA is an organization that was made by the US Government to monitor intelligence, and collect, translate and decode information. What’s important about the NSA, is that this most recent summer, a program named PRISM was revealed by a whistleblower, and in summary, PRISM monitors everything it can, including our own citizens in the United States. This â€Å"scandal† had a lot of air time for many months, and is still in the news today. The revelation of what the NSA is doing behindRead MoreAmity University Internship Guidelines6712 Words   |  27 PagesAMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLIGY CORPORATE RESOURCE CENTRE SUMMER INTERNSHIP for B. TECH. 2010-14 (ALL BRANCHES) Dual Degree 2010-15 BATCHES My Dear Amitian, Summer Internship is an important part of your four year B. Tech Programme or five years dual degree at ASET, Its important that student secures a place in the industry for summer internship well in time. The students can take bonafide letter for the company of their contact from Head of CRC, Prof. P.K. Rohatgi in ASET, E-3, Room No

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Analysis of Commercial Advertisement Essay examples

Analysis of Commercial Advertisement Television commercials are television programming produced by any organisation to provide message in the market about their product or services. It is one of the most popular methods to attract customer and provide them information about their products or services. Here we would be analysing TV commercial to understand it and its effects and whether it is proving for what it are made. We have heard a very common slogan named as â€Å"RedBulls Gives You Wings†. It is the very popular television advertisement of RedBulls energy drink with many advertisement prints and different characters. We have seen the advertisement in which a bird pisses on a man and after that man took out a RedBull energy drink from†¦show more content†¦Red Bull Origin :: Energy Drink :: Red Bull.) Market share and strategy - RedBull had dominated the market of energy drinks all over the world. Its main mission is to provide an energy drink made with natural ingredients which provide energy to man, women or children in their day to day life. It provides instant energy which helps college students or working people to maintain their energy and keep doing their work with full enthusiastic way.The Red Bull brand had created a great impact on the mind of its customers by its product results and pricing strategies which make it a larger energy drink on the market.(The Top 15 Energy Drink Brands.) RedBull is also different from other energy drinks that it uses half the quantity of caffeine and sugar than any other competitors energy drink. RedBull had produced many advertisementsas TV commercials and also increases their sales with the help of magazines, internet and billboard advertising. Advertisements in magazines are limited because there are only few magazines which suits to pu blish RedBull advertisements in them. Internet advertising will gain the response of the particular audience as it truly depends on people using online services. Billboard advertising is also a very good method for attracting customers, but it should be placed at the placesShow MoreRelatedAdvertisement Analysis : The Television Commercial1448 Words   |  6 PagesAd selection: The television commercial was telecasted in November 17, 2008 (11 years ago) through known as banned comedy type commercial. It’s a controversial ad produced by Pepsi co where a kid tried to get drink from vending machine included both Pepsi and coke. He put down 2 cokes under feet and reached the higher button to get Pepsi. At the very beginning this advertisement was telecasted in TV channels but after imposing new advertising law this ad banned. Ad Justification In carbonatedRead MoreOpdivo Advertisement Analysis. Medical Commercials Are1125 Words   |  5 PagesOpdivo Advertisement Analysis Medical commercials are something that the general public have learned to phase out if it has nothing to do with them or anyone they know. These prescription drug advertisements are usually jam-packed with too much information and often leaves their audience snoring. However, the newest commercial for Opdivo (Nivolumab) recently caught my attention. Through its use of emotional tones, symbolic visuals, and hopeful tagline, Opdivo is able to capture the interest of someoneRead MorePortrayal Of A Woman s Independence1400 Words   |  6 Pageswoman’s independence in television advertisements. The goal was to determine if there was a difference in how women are portrayed in TV commercials when they target male and female dominant audiences based on a woman’s independence. I hypothesized that more commercials will portray woman as independent when targeting female audiences than when targeting male audiences. Fifty commercials were recorded from two different networks: Bra vo Network, to analyze the commercials directed towards a females dominantRead MoreRhetoral Analysis : Budweiser Commercial1170 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: RHETORIC ANALYSIS ESSAY​​ 1 Rhetoric Analysis Essay Name Institution Rhetoric Analysis Essay Introduction Budweiser has produced many commercials for marketing purposes. However, none of those are as iconic as the one they used to pay tribute to the victims of the September 11. Known as the Budweiser commercial, some of the television viewers only had a chance to watch it from YouTube because it was aired just one time February 3, 2002, during theRead MoreEffects of TV Commercials on Consumers1134 Words   |  5 Pageseffects of television commercials before this. A television commercial is used to spark interest in a product or services; without this influential and dominant form of advertisements, the majority of the companies and their respective products and services would not maximize their ability to reach various consumer bases (commercial. laws). Effects of TV commercials on consumer: Many of the researches have been conducted to see the influence of advertisement or TV commercials on consumer.The findingsRead MoreThe Impact Of Nutrition Information On Advertisement Of Fast Food Chains Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesThe impacts of nutrition information on advertisement of fast food chains The fast food industry in the U.S. has rapidly expanded in the past few decades (Hwang, 2013). In 2014, the industry has created a 3% current value growth, indicating its robust and continued ability in the U.S. market overall (Euromonitor, 2015). This strong increase has largely changed Americans’ lifestyle and eating habits; the amount of money they spend on fast food is more than that on education, readings and videos (SchlosserRead MoreThe Effect Of Women s Media1517 Words   |  7 Pages Alejandra Mendez December 8, 2015 The Effect of Women Identity in Media Research Question: How does the way that women are portrayed on television commercials and advertisements affect the way women are seen in society? Thesis: Woman portrayed on television commercials are stereotyped, sexualized, and have limited roles which affects the way women are seen in society because they are seen as weak, sexualized objects who are dependent upon men. It is important to establish theRead MoreVisual Analysis : The Flies 932 Words   |  4 PagesVisual Analysis Summary: The commercial starts out with a dark brown haired woman, named Ashley, sitting on a couch holding a small wooden alien figurine. She then proceeds to say â€Å"I love your apartment Brian† as a man, Brian, and a monkey are walking up from behind the couch. The monkey climbs over the couch and sits next to Ashley. As the monkey, Frank, sits next to Ashley, Ashley says â€Å"and Frank is so well behaved†. Brian leaning on the couch from behind says â€Å"yeah we’re best buddy’s. I’m goingRead MoreFear and Sex Appeal of Advertising810 Words   |  3 PagesThat is why advertising often appeals to such base, human instincts as fear and sex. The sexual element of the one-sided appeal of the Secret Deodorant commercial entitled Fear of Being Exposed is evidenced by the use of a young, slender beautiful woman in a party dress lifting up her arms and looking seductively at the camera. The deodorant commercial suggests to the targeted woman consumer that she wants to be desirable, which means selecting a deodorant that does not leave heavy build-up under theRead MoreAdvertising : The Magic System786 Words   |  4 Pages Commercial Culture Williams, R. (1980). Advertising: The Magic System. 170-195. Premises 1. While this article focuses on British history, Williams argues that the nature of advertisement has changed from a system to attract â€Å"specific attention† (similar to modern day classifieds) to a system that broadcasts â€Å"commercial information and persuasion† (p. 170, 184) 2. This change in advertising methodology is paralleled to changes in social and economic structures (p. 170, 177-178) 3. Through capitalism

Cognitive And Behavioral Treatments Of Adhd Essay

Cognitive and Behavioral Treatments of ADHD Thoughts that One May Have Prior to the Education on ADHD Upon choosing this topic for research, I thought about the experience that I have in this department. I have none. I do not possess a single shred of experience with ADHD, but I have had the privilege of knowing a few people with this attention disorder. The thought that came to mind when I heard this acronym for the first time was, â€Å"What in the world does this mean?† Therefore, this is where I started my research. What is ADHD? The official definition of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is â€Å"recognized as a brain disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development,† as reported by the National Institute of Mental Health (2016). This website also broke down each component of this disorder to help understand it better as well. Inattention means that the person wanders off task and hyperactivity means that the person seems to move about constantly. However, not only does a person who suffers from ADHD have an issue with inattention and hyperactivity, but that person also is subject to impulsivity which is where that person makes â€Å"hasty actions that occur in the moment without first thinking about repercussions,† (National Institute of Mental Health, 2016). According to another source, â€Å"ADHD is a developmental, neurobiological condition defined by the presence of severe per vasiveShow MoreRelatedCOGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY IN TREATMENT OF ADHD Essay949 Words   |  4 Pageschildren 4-17 years of age have ever been diagnosed with ADHD, as of 2007. As of 2007, 2.7 million youth ages 4-17 years (66.3% of those with a current diagnosis) were receiving medication treatment for the disorder (cdc.gov). The Surgen General lists ADHD, as the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder of childhood. With numbers as these it seems imperative to know what works best for over 2.7 million children in treatment. Cognitive refers to our thinking, Behavior how we behave the two goRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy As A Sole Treatment For Adhd1649 Words   |  7 PagesJeffery Vittengl PSYC366 14 July 2015 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as a Sole Treatment for ADHD in Adults According to the International Journal of Neuropsychiatric Medicine, about 4% of adults in the United States are affected by ADHD. It’s a disorder that usually emerges in childhood and in the past was thought of as exclusive to a person’s earlier years. More recent research has proved this to be untrue, instead revealing that many people who are diagnosed with ADHD in childhood will continue to haveRead MoreOne Treatment For Adhd Incorporates Cognitive Behavioral Therapy894 Words   |  4 PagesOne treatment for ADHD incorporates Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Counseling, and Social Skills training to address deficits in emotional regulation including low self-esteem, anger or aggression, anxiety or withdrawal, loneliness, and depression. People who are diagnosed with ADHD can learn conversational skills and can also improve tasks like organization, and memory. Studies have shown that interventions like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Counseling, and Social Skills traini ng to address deficitsRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder1656 Words   |  7 Pagescommon well- known behavioral disorders, that is defined by the DSM as having a â€Å"persistent pattern of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention, for at least six months and it is so severe that it interferers with your development†. As of 2013, it affects 11 percent of children between the ages of 4-17 and is more prevalent in boys than in girls. (http://www.additudemag.com/adhd/article/688.html) ADHD with aggression is very common as well. The aggression aspect can be shown through ADHD being in combinationRead MoreThe Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on ADHD1064 Words   |  5 Pageseffects of ADHD on children and not on adults. The reason that the author decided to focus the research on children is because, as stated before, ADHD is a childhood disorder that should be diagnosed before reaching adulthood. The author of this work believes that if the diso rder, and the effects thereof, are addressed during childhood there will be less of an impact on adults, increasing the importance of treatment during childhood. A second limitation to this study is the form of treatment that theRead MoreADHD Research Paper948 Words   |  4 PagesADHD Treatment Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Ford-Martin, 2014) is a mental disorder involving brief to prolonged periods of hyperactivity and the inability to focus on tasks, causing the patient to become easily frustrated and unable to sit still. This inability to focus often negatively impacts the patient, frequently causing him/her to lose self-esteem and give up. This label instills a feeling of hopelessness when it comes to completing certain tasks that others are able to performRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )791 Words   |  4 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) would be a very interesting area of research. I find this topic interesting because there are so many people that still believe that ADHD is a made up disorder and that the real problem is a lack of good parenting skills. I have several people in my life that are affected by ADHD. I have found that despite copious amounts of research into effective treatments, it is still di fficult to find a healthcare provider with accurate information on the subjectRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1100 Words   |  5 PagesAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) What is ADHD? Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric illness characterized by problems with attention as well as hyperactivity. Individuals also tend to act impulsively. The exact cause is unclear but is likely related to genetic factors as first-degree relatives are often affected. The disease frequently begins in childhood and may progress into adulthood. The condition is also often associated with other psychiatric comorbiditiesRead MoreAnalysis Of Vargas Family Case Study Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesEvidence-based practices refers to services or treatments that have been studied or researched and clinically proved to be effective by various investigative teams. ï‚ ´ They practice is also used as an oversight or supervision strategy that allows providers to implement the treatment according to procedure or protocol (Gruttadaro, Burns, Duckworth Crudo, 2007). ï‚ ´ The two types of evidence based models discussed below are behavior therapy (Cognitive Behavior Therapy) and parent training behavior managementRead MoreNeurodevelopmental and Neurocognitive Disorders Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pagesfair comparisons that allow the diagnosis and treatments of adult and childrens behaviors to be equal. Neurodevelopment disorders in children result in maladaptive behavior which appears in different life periods and deems the once popular view that children were miniature adults untrue with more focus on the special problems of children using the DSM-5, along with professional knowledge and ethics as a guideline to an unbiased diagnosis and treatment (Butcher Hooley, 2014). A Neurocognitive

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Counseling Religious Clients Free Essays

Different populations require different approaches in counseling. Counseling is a mean of attending to a person’s situation or condition using techniques, systems and approaches that differ among the groups of individuals. For instance, a raped teenager should be counsel in a different way as a homeless teenager. We will write a custom essay sample on Counseling Religious Clients or any similar topic only for you Order Now Conversely, African-American clients should be treated in a unique way as the Asian clients (cited in Miller, Leukefeld Jefferson, 1994; Cook 1993). Nevertheless, just like the other populations, religious clients have unique characteristics and experiences that need a unique counseling approach. Likewise, religious clients have also unique needs for their mental health care. However, unlike the common people being counseled, religious people have sets of belief systems and values that, for a number of conditions, may interfere to the counseling program being implemented to them (Carpenter, 2003). In order to practice professionalism and ethics, counselors behave legally, morally and ethically. They are aware that they can only win the client’s trust and secure client’s protection by practicing high level of professional conduct (APA Ethics Code, 1992, 18). Principle D, Respect for People’s Right and Dignity, as stated in the Ethical principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct highlights: Psychologists are aware of cultural, individual, and role differences, including those due to age, gender, race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language, and socioeconomic status. Psychologists try to eliminate the effect on their work of biases based on those factors, and they do not knowingly participate in or condone unfair discriminatory practices (1992). Counselors take into consideration the client’s personal and cultural background before deciding on the assessment instrument that he will be using in the counseling process (APA Ethics Code, 1992, 11). One of the characteristic-factors that should be checked is religion. There are no religion restrictions in the counseling activity. Nonetheless, from among the mentioned factors or clients’ considerable backgrounds, religion—the foundation of people’s moral and faith—is the most controversial. The Code of Ethics of 2005 by the Governing Council of the American Counseling Association gives light to the five overlapping ethical principles that guide the counseling practices with religious clients. The principles that can be applied focus on the counseling relationship, freedom of choice, confidentiality and privacy in counseling process, professional responsibility, and evaluation, assessment and interpretation. Counseling Relationship In counseling, clients may have diverse cultural backgrounds. In order for the counselor to practice good counseling, he must need first to understand the cultural identity that each of his clients possesses. Section A. 2. c of the Code of ethics states that â€Å"counselors communicate information in ways that are both developmentally and culturally appropriate. † Counselors must deal with clients in the most culturally appropriate way. The counselor’s approach to a religious client depends highly on the knowledge he or she has about the culture and religion of the client. People restrict their thinking on the concepts of races and ethnic groups when dealing with culture—yet this broad concept also includes the religious groups. As cited by Gardner, in the 1992 edition of Counselor Education and Supervision authored by Pate and Bondi, â€Å"the term culture includes religious beliefs and practices and that religion is understood to be intimately tied to ethnic identity† (1996). From this, in understanding the values of the religious clients, the counselor takes into consideration an approach that is culturally motivated. Freedom of Choice In the macro-perspective of culture, one reason for the disagreement, difference or dissonance between the counselor and the religious client, is the values and belief systems of the client which for the counselor, are inappropriate. There are set of beliefs that the religious clients have, that may intervene in the counseling process. â€Å"Clients have the freedom to choose whether to enter into or remain in a counseling relationship and need adequate information about the counseling process and the counselor† (Section A. 2. a, 2005). Part of this principle is the right of the client to know the counselor’s values and beliefs, especially if these values may result to the restriction of the counselor’s range and ability to conduct the counseling process due to the conflicting views and beliefs between the religious client and the counselor. If this is so, clients should be given freedom to look and choose another counselor that has similar or directly related values with that of his (client). Confidentiality and Privacy in Counseling Process Getting the clients’ trust is one of the goals of the counselors. To achieve this, establishing and upholding boundaries, and maintaining confidentiality are given high considerations. Section B. 1. a states that â€Å"counselors maintain awareness and sensitivity regarding cultural meanings of confidentiality and privacy; counselors respect differing views toward disclosure of information† (2005). It is very crucial for the counselors to give respect and show sensitivity to the culture of the religious persons they counsel. Inquiry is important before the counselor acts on whether or not to disclose the information derived from counseling the religious client. Professional Responsibility â€Å"Counselors practice only within the boundaries of their competence, based on their education, training, supervised experience, state and national professional credentials, and appropriate professional experience† (Section C. 2. a, 2005). Understanding religious client means having an adequate learning and understanding of their cultural beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral patterns. If the counselor can achieve this, then, it will be easier for him to understand the condition of his client. Moreover, for the success of the counseling process, the counselors should gain appropriate knowledge, awareness, sense of sensitivity, and skills relevant to the activity of working with the population of diverse backgrounds. Without good milieu and specialized training, the counselors who treat religious clients may neglect their condition and situation. With better understanding of the set of beliefs of the client, the counselor will be sensitive and intelligent enough to know what approach is to give the religious client. Evaluation, Assessment and Interpretation As summarized in Section E. 3. a of the Code, for the achievement of the goals, the counselors consider the client’s background in terms of his personal and/or cultural identity, his ability to understand the results based on his beliefs, and his possible reaction or the impact of the results to him. Moreover, â€Å"counselors recognize the effects of age, color, culture, disability, ethnic group, gender, race, spirituality, sexual orientation, and socio-economic status on test administration and interpretation, and place test results in proper perspective with other relevant factors† (Section E. 8, 2005). This is a process—first; the counselor needs to consider what counseling program is applicable to the client given sets of standards. Second, the counselor weighs all contributing factors to the possible outcome before considering results. Third, the results will be interpreted depending on the accuracy of the outcomes. Furthermore, Section A. 5. a says that â€Å"counselors avoid actions that seek to meet their personal needs at the expense of clients. † This concept, when applied to religious clients, means that the counselor must be aware of his or her personal opinion about the religious issues that may lead to certain reactions and overreactions—causing emotional harm to the client. Working with Religious Clients On his article, Gardner enumerated some ethical guidelines on how to work with religious clients. First, therapy in the context of evangelistic activities that promotes particular political and spiritual ideology and worldview must be avoided. Second, in the attempt to change some of the beliefs of the client that have direct effect on his or her disorder, the counselor must try to narrow down the approach and inform the client on the program he wants to implement. Third, a help from other professionals is better if dealing with the religious issue of the client is quite difficult to comprehend and accept. Fourth, counselors must try to include and integrate the religious beliefs of the client with the treatment she or he is undertaking. References American Counseling Association. (2005). ACA Code of Ethics. Retrieved June 19, 2008, from http://www. counseling. org Carpenter, D. (2002). Ethical Considerations in Working with Religious Clients. Retrieved June 19, 2008, from Gestatalt-Global Corporation website: http://www. g-gej. org/1-2/religious_clients. html Gardner, J. N. (1996). Ethical Issues in Counseling Religious Clients. Retrieved June 19, 2008, from http://www. g-gej. org/1-2/religious_clients. html How to cite Counseling Religious Clients, Papers

Princely Jets (Pvt.) Ltd. the Air Ambulance Written Analysis of a Case Free Essays

Princely Jets (Pvt. ) Ltd. – The Air Ambulance| Written Analysis of a Case| Mariam Soomro, Sharmain Malik, Syed Zainul Islam Farooq Tirmizi| Introduction This paper will be referring to the case study â€Å"Princely Jets (Pvt. We will write a custom essay sample on Princely Jets (Pvt.) Ltd. the Air Ambulance Written Analysis of a Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now ) Ltd. – The Air Ambulance†. It will discuss at length the issues brought out in the case which concern the new Air Ambulance service that Akbar Group of Companies is planning to launch. This paper asserts that Akbar Group should go ahead with the launch of the new service at the proposed price US$ 750 monthly membership and an hourly rate of usage of US$2500. The paper will attempt to justify the pricing strategy and discuss the mix of promotion tools that they should make use of. Overview The Akbar Group has a diverse group of companies with their operations being divided into two major categories: the aviation division and the commercial division. They started operations in Pakistan in 2005 with Princely Jets (Pvt. ) Limited with their first private charter jet services. They offered private jet services on an adhoc as well as on a scheduled flight basis with an objective of making the private jet charter experience simple, comfortable, enjoyable and unique. They launched in Karachi and later on expanded their services to Islamabad in 2006. By 2008 they had a fleet of 6 aircrafts. They had an average growth rate of 15% and a return on investment of 3%. Their aviation division also included being the General Sales Agents for twelve international airlines; they were representatives of Amadeus; and they offered travel agency services under the name Princely Travels and Citilink. Their commercial division included allied businesses such as the distribution of Nike and United Parcel Services (UPS). They also had exclusive distribution of travel insurance for the American Insurance Group. Akbar Group also introduced many global businesses in Pakistan such as McDonalds, The Princeton Review and LMVH Watches and Jewelry. Market Situation and Competitive Scenario Pakistan suffers from a host of problems such as political and social unrest. The rate of political protests, traffic accidents, criminal assaults and terrorist attacks has increased significantly. There is a constant need for transportation of victims for emergency needs. There have been many instances where the patient never makes it to the medical facility in time because of traffic jams. There are a sufficient number of medical rescue teams that provide ambulance services such as Askari Aviation, Edhi Foundation and Chhipa Ambulances, but none that provided specialized air ambulance services. The Akbar Group identified this gap in the market and decided to offer an Air Ambulance service to cater to this unmet need. It was easy for them to cater to this need as it would be a natural extension of their aviation services that they provided through Princely Jets. They had an existing clientele from their Princely Jet services who they could target for the same specialized air ambulance services. Segmentation and Target Market The Akbar Group chose to segment the market using two techniques: Psychographic and Demographic. Psychographic: They wanted to target affluent customers who would be â€Å"willing to provide insurance for this value added medical facility not only for their personal use but also for the use of company employees†. Demographic: The target market identified for the air ambulance service included corporate entities such as multinational and large national companies, banks, embassies, governmental agencies and some high net worth individuals. Marketing Mix Product/ Service The Akbar Group proposed the following with their Air Ambulance Services: * Transportation of physicians and specialists to remote areas * Inter-hospital transfer of patients requiring specialist’s treatment and immediate attention * Quick transportation of blood and human vital organs * Medical and other assistance to companies and organizations in remote areas of the country. They wished to start off their operations with a pilot project in Karachi and later on proceed to other parts of the country. In the Karachi region they planned to provide their services within a radius of 125 nautical miles (225 land miles). The justification behind this radius was that they wanted to transport the patient to the nearest medical facility within a maximum of 90 minutes. They planned to offer air ambulance services with two fully equipment helicopters with multiple seating and at least two patient beds. They would have on board a fully trained paramedic team including a doctor, state-of-the-art medical equipment, life saving and emergency medicines, oxygen and blood transfusion capabilities. The air ambulance aimed to offer a smooth transition of the patient from the helicopter to the emergency room. Financially Viability As seen from the expected revenue above, after the first year this project will generate a profit stream which will make this a viable project. The Air Ambulance project is suitable for a country like Pakistan where one sees in Exhibit 9A and Exhibit 9B that there is a high requirement for such services. To support this one should also look at Exhibit 12 to see the number of people that are in need of such services and have no other alternative. Pricing The two pronged strategy that is being offered by Mr. Ghouse is feasible since targeted market segment pays little importance to prices. They consider the value of the services. Therefore, as they are willing to pay these prices for business purposes; then they will be more than willing to pay for medical services. The prices suggested will be divided into 3 categories for three different customer divisions as the following: Corporate customer- These are the companies mentioned in Exhibit 3. They will be offered a yearly package that will contain 37 hours that they can use at any hour. It can be used by any member of the corporation with the approval of HR. * Private Customer- These will be those individuals who are operating private companies that have steady cash flow. They will be familiar with Princely Jets (PVT) LTD. services; hence it will be relatively easy to convince them to utilize The Air Ambulance services for themselves. * Hospitals- A yearly contract will be signed with hospitals as mentioned in Exhibit 11B; this will provide an additional service which can be provided by leading medical institutions, which will have customers who are willing to avail on a one off basis. The cost that is charged by the hospital will be left to its discretion. Pricing Method The pricing strategy will differ from segment to segment. The private customer will be charged a slightly higher price as he will be less likely to require services on a regular basis. Whereas corporate customers and hospitals will be charged a slightly lower price since they will be purchasing bulk services and are more likely to want greater flight hours. Therefore, higher revenue can be generated from these institutes through variable costs. The above methodology is simply a proposal. However, this project is definitely viable. If we consider the pricing that Princely Jets is exploring; the following comes to mind: Premium Pricing Princely Jets is going to be fulfilling the needs of a niche market. As stated earlier, pricing is not an influencing factor in the decision to purchase. For these high profile consumers, the ambience, the service environment and the quality will be perceived as of worth. It is about how vital the customer is made to feel during the entire journey. It is the flexibility offered, the uniqueness in treatment and of course, the fact that each flight is personalized for the client. They will be willing to pay for a superior air solution over others which are designed to give greater benefits. It is these intangibles that justify the premium pricing strategy. Also as it is the pioneer in its category, it can enjoy the benefit of being a price setter in the industry. Specialized Service Air ambulance services have high operational costs. The specialized nature of these air rescue services limits the ability to compete on the basis of cost. Therefore, marketing is directed towards high net individuals, corporations and governmental agencies that prefer other factors. Customized Air Solution Princely Jets is going to fabricate each flight with accordance to the needs of the client. From the point of destination to the point of food being catered; every small aspect will be planned in order to serve the punter in question. Heritage Akbar Group of Companies is bringing this premium service in and has over 100 years of experience in the aviation industry. This facet can be utilized to position Princely Jets air ambulance services in the consumer’s mind and be used to build brand equity. Placement Princely Jets launched from Karachi in 2005 and had expanded to Islamabad by 2006. It designed a 4000 square yard hangar with a high tech maintenance workshop for supportive services. Also to add benefits and value to their service, Princely Jets had its own airport lounge in Karachi. It was dedicated to Princely Jets customers. Promotion Viral Marketing This strategy played well for the luxurious travel Princely Jets offered. It appeared to be promising for air ambulance services as well. Within the narrowed boundaries of this niche market, if the trend of air ambulance services spreads like wildfire, targeted customers will be drawn into its usage. Word of mouth Word of mouth communication remains to be the most effective and popular marketing tool. As it is recommended from person to person, a level of trust is involved. That by itself will build to service credibility and reliance. Relationship marketing Given the infrequent nature of this service, Princely Jets will have to be persistent in building and sustain its clientele. It should focus on the longevity of end user relationships and continue to remain in touch with them. They will likely own personal, intricate consumer information such as birthdays, anniversaries etc and can perform diminutive gestures such as sending a birthday card across to remind the consumer that Princely Jets remembers them and is thinking of them. That will add to value in terms of positioning in the customer’s mind. Direct Marketing This may prove to be a successful strategy for the air ambulance sector. Sending brochures, flyers, personalized posters to the consumers would build a personal connection. An even better alternative is to send customized letters to them on a monthly or biweekly basis to build brand recall and to make Princely Jets the preferred carrier. Another way to differentiate itself is to offer to show the helicopter to exclusive clientele. These strategies are recommended to Mr. Ghouse as they will prove to be the most effectual and valuable. However, an aggressive online marketing campaign to compliment the above tactics will be better. Mr. Ghouse should draw up an integrated marketing communication plan that has the consistent message of safety, security and comfort and is conveyed accurately. How to cite Princely Jets (Pvt.) Ltd. the Air Ambulance Written Analysis of a Case, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Individual Essay for Tourism and Hospitality- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write about theIndividual Essayfor Tourism and Hospitality Management. Answer: Introduction The diversity of culture is quite relevant to the tourism and hospitality management sector, and it has influenced its business largely too. The cultural diversity is an important concept in tourism and hospitality because of the global customer related industry and management of international business. The cultural diversity though can bring several challenges too like barriers to communication between employees. The most important technique is to develop a cultural diversity committee such as a particular cultural event or language event where the tourism and hospitality sector can promote its services delivered and make people aware of the kinds of services delivered by the companies within the hospitality and tourism sector (Bharwani and Butt 2012). The customs and rules are considered as the major cultural components that the organisations want to identify and ensure that they adapt to the new culture while expanding business globally and furthermore improve the efficiency of th e business. Cultural diversity in tourism and hospitality Though cultural diversity is an important aspect, still it needs careful planning and proper education and training programs are needed to make the workers of the hospitality and tourism sector gain relevant skills and knowledge regarding that. The managers and employees must understand the importance of cultural diversity within the tourism and hospitality industry and bring a lot of benefits in the workforce with ease and effectiveness. The cultural diversity has brought other benefits such as employing the best individuals from a large pool of individuals and improve the quality of workforce as well as gain benefits regarding cost effectiveness and time of training provided to them (Bharwani and Jauhari 2013). Cultural diversity can promote a positive culture within the organisations and allow the employees to perform to their full potential and make them feel valued, encouraged and motivated as a whole too. The psychological involvement further increases the performances of emplo yees and enhances the organisational efficiency by creating a responsive and adaptable environment. By maintaining cultural diversity, the rate of retention of employees is increased, thereby reducing the chances of turnover of employees and rate of absenteeism. Not only these are the advantages of maintaining cultural diversity, but also it has helped in developing a flexible working environment where there are a strong and diverse workforce that can respond to critical and pressurized situations with ease and manage flexible working hours for employees to remain focused and satisfied (Chen, Cheung and Law 2012). This would enhance the sales and production level for the company too and allow the company to gain competitive advantage in business too. This is an effective way of anticipating the needs of customers and fulfill their demands. The abilities of teams are improved, which further creates successful management of cultural diversity and allows the company to promote innovation, creativity, solve problems with ease and furthermore make good decisions by outperforming the homogenous groups (Duncan, Scott and Baum 2013). Benefits and gains The cultural diversity within tourism and hospitality industry has also improved the services provided to customers and enhanced the skills and abilities of employees to communicate across cultures by reducing the communication and language barriers and create a strong customer base. The efficiency of the team depends not only on cultural diversity but also on the nature of tasks allotted to team members, abilities and skills of team members and urgency of tasks allotted to them. With the help of a managing cultural diversity, the company would be able to enhance its reputation as well as encourage more innovation and creativity and create effective solutions for overcoming problems with ease and effectiveness. This would help in gaining profit and competitive advantage in business as well (Fullagar and Wilson 2012). The diversity of culture within tourism and hospitality has created a corporate vision so that the employees can move in the right direction to accomplish the organisati onal goals and objectives and enhance the delivery of services to the customers. There are many advantages of cultural diversity in tourism and hospitality business because it has improved the interpersonal skills of individuals and increased the ability of people to work as teams by expanding their creative and innovative thinking. The production level also increases on the complex tasks, which further helps in adapting to the culture of a new place and fulfill the requirements and needs of customers effectively. By understanding other cultures, there would be ease of managing customer interactions and promote good communication with them too. The individuals belonging from different cultures have different needs and preferences, and thus workers are needed to be aware of that by understanding their culture and improve the customers' services (Janta et al. 2012). The betterment of customers' services could also lead to a better brand image, reputation and loyalty among customers. Cultural diversity can result in forming a good marketing strategy, and the companies within the tourism and hospitality sector can identify the target audiences easily. Creating cultural awareness is possible by understanding their values, beliefs, customers' behaviours and attitudes and deliver services according to their preferences to develop an useful marketing strategy for connecting to the market and prevent wastage of time and resources too. By understanding the culture of people, it would be easy to manage the production of tourism and hospitality services and furthermore conduct market research for ensuring the development of products and services that can fulfill their demands and preferences (Madera, Dawson and Neal 2013). Cultural diversity promotes vision to create equal opportunities for employment for individuals and appreciates the socio-cultural and economic differences to recruit individuals from various diversified backgrounds and culture. Costs and consequences The main aspect of the development of tourism and hospitality is to allow the tourists to purchase goods and services through exchanging the leisure and recreation. The economic backwardness and rural poverty can also have good quality. The resort hotels are mainly foreign owned, and the same happens for the tourism agencies, which make people travel from one place to another. The cost that is incurred and profit generated is provided to the parent companies for improving the quality of services furthermore. The tourists mainly focus on accommodation and cuisine, and these are all added to the import costs for materials and food (Mak, Lumbers and Eves 2012). The hotels manage huge amounts of expenditures for good quality food, water and other services available to the customers so that they can enjoy and relax during their stay without making any complaints regarding the services. There could be different consequences when culture mix with the tourism and hospitality businesses in case there had been a lack of proper management. Tourism and hospitality focus on the needs and satisfaction of customers, and often it becomes difficult to deal with customers from different backgrounds and to establish a business in a new location. The policies and principles are not followed properly, which can even lead to disaster (Nickson 2013). The cross-cultural business environment is established, and in many cases, immigration policies are not up to the mark, which creates difficulties to select the right candidate for the right job. Though there are few drawbacks, still the cultural diversity can create a positive impact by developing a diversified group of people and handle critical problem solving tasks with ease and effectiveness (Obrador 2012). Actions are taken for improving the position in cultural diversity There is need of providing training to the workers of the tourism and hospitality industry for reducing the communication and cultural barriers and improve the nature of interaction with people from various culture, colour, race, creed or ethnicity. The higher management of the companies within the tourism and hospitality industry must create a corporate vision for facilitating the understanding of various cultural and social behaviours and furthermore improve the delivery process by keeping the customers satisfied and happy too (Solnet, Kralj and Kandampully 2012). It is important to provide equal opportunities for all without considering race, religion, age, gender or ethnicity. A strong diversified workforce is maintained for allowing employees to create a good culture and understand the market segments that they are serving. The social media involvement has further helped in spreading awareness of the company and even promotes a healthy culture and workplace where people can work in coordination and as a unit to bring successful outcomes (Torres, Fu and Lehto 2014). The handling of regulatory frameworks is also essential for incorporating a high level of cultural awareness and understands the cultural norms and behaviours properly for working properly with local authorities. Human resource management is essential as well for managing the local employees who will need cultural sensitivity to the local norms, rules and expectations. The managers if companies must also develop policies of HR aligned with the cultural diversity within the tourism and hospitality industry too (Bharwani and Butt 2012). Conclusion The essay covered the most important aspects of cultural diversity within the tourism and hospitality industry. The tourism and hospitality industry is worldwide based, and thus it is important to adopt the culture of different places and ensure that the needs and requirements of local people are kept satisfied. The benefits gained from maintenance of cultural diversity within the tourism and hospitality business included reducing communication barriers, creating a good culture within the workplace and even enhancing the productivity of the organisation largely. The costs incurred and impact created by the cultural diversity had been demonstrated here as well along with the development of most suitable approaches for improving the position in the form of diversity. References Bharwani, S. and Butt, N., 2012. Challenges for the global hospitality industry: an HR perspective.Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes,4(2), pp.150-162. Bharwani, S. and Jauhari, V., 2013. An exploratory study of competencies required to co-create memorable customer experiences in the hospitality industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,25(6), pp.823-843. Chen, R.X., Cheung, C. and Law, R., 2012. A review of the literature on culture in hotel management research: what is the future?.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(1), pp.52-65. Duncan, T., Scott, D.G. and Baum, T., 2013. The mobilities of hospitality work: An exploration of issues and debates.Annals of Tourism Research,41, pp.1-19. Fullagar, S. and Wilson, E., 2012. Critical pedagogies: A reflexive approach to knowledge creation in tourism and hospitality studies.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management,19(1), pp.1-6. Janta, H., Lugosi, P., Brown, L. and Ladkin, A., 2012. Migrant networks, language learning and tourism employment.Tourism Management,33(2), pp.431-439. Madera, J.M., Dawson, M. and Neal, J.A., 2013. Hotel managers perceived diversity climate and job satisfaction: The mediating effects of role ambiguity and conflict.International Journal of Hospitality Management,35, pp.28-34. Mak, A.H., Lumbers, M. and Eves, A., 2012. Globalisation and food consumption in tourism.Annals of tourism research,39(1), pp.171-196. Nickson, D., 2013.Human resource management for hospitality, tourism and events. Routledge. Obrador, P., 2012. The place of the family in tourism research: Domesticity and thick sociality by the pool.Annals of Tourism Research,39(1), pp.401-420. Solnet, D., Kralj, A. and Kandampully, J., 2012. Generation Y employees: An examination of work attitude differences.Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship,17(3), p.36. Torres, E.N., Fu, X. and Lehto, X., 2014. Examining key drivers of customer delight in a hotel experience: A cross-cultural perspective.International Journal of Hospitality Management,36, pp.255-262.

Inflation Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Inflation Argumentative Essay INFLATION: In the 1970s the prices of most things Americans buy more than doubled. Such a general increase in prices is called inflation. Prices of selected goods may increase for reasons unrelated to inflation: the price of fresh lettuce may rise because unseasonably heavy rainfall in California has ruined the lettuce crop, or the price of gasoline may rise if the oil-producing countries set a higher price for oil. During inflation, however, all prices tend to rise. Over the last 400 years there have been many periods of inflation. In the 16th century, when the Spaniards began bringing back gold and silver from the New World, prices in Western Europe moved upward as the supply of money increased. During the 19th century prices tended to go downward as food and raw materials became cheaper. After major wars such as the Napoleonic Wars and World Wars I and II, prices again moved upward. In the 1950s and 60s a so-called creeping inflation occurred, when the general price level in the United States and Western Europe rose by an average of 1 to 5 percent each year. In the 1970s inflation increased until it reached as much as 13 percent a year in the United States. Many countries have suffered from inflation more than has the United States. Israel had inflation of more than 100 percent a year in the early 1980s, meaning that the cost of living more than doubled every year. In Argentina inflation was greater than 400 percent in 1975 and averaged more than 100 percent each year from 1976 to 1982. The most remarkable inflation in modern times was the German hyperinflation of 1923, when people went to the store with wheelbarrows full of money to buy a few groceries. A similar hyperinflation occurred in Hungary after World War II. Inflation has been defined as too much money chasing too few goods. As prices rise, wages and salaries also have a tendency to rise. More money in peoples pockets causes prices to rise still higher so that consumers never quite catch up. Inflation can go on continuously year after year so long as the money supply continues to increase. Continued inflation affects people in diverse ways. Those who live on fixed incomes, or those whose incomes increase very slowly, suffer most from inflation because they are able to buy less and less. Those who lend money when prices are lower may be paid back in dollars of reduced purchasing power. Banks and savings and loan associations generally lose from inflation. People who borrow money, however, may profit by paying their debts in dollars that have shrunk in purchasing power. Inflation thus encourages borrowing and discourages saving. It also leads people to buy real estate and durable goods that will keep their value over time. In the United States this tendency is reinforced by the tax system, which allows taxpayers to deduct property taxes and interest payments from their taxable incomes. If inflation continues for a long time, the country as a whole may begin to consume more and invest less as people find it more profitable to borrow than to save. In other words inflation causes society to use more of its resources for todays purposes and to set aside less for tomorrows needs. Causes of Inflation:Inflation has many causes, but they all operate to raise the demand for goods and services beyond the capacity of the ecomomy to satisfy that demand. Often inflation follows a war, when the government has spent vast sums on military equipment and has not raised taxes enough to pay for it. Heavy government spending in peacetime may also lead to inflation. The principal reason why governments create inflation is that they are able to print money. .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789 , .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789 .postImageUrl , .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789 , .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789:hover , .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789:visited , .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789:active { border:0!important; } .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789:active , .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789 .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u85ce86a600f880375244c31116cd6789:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Roman Empire Essay Summary When a government pays its bills by printing money rather than by raising taxes, the effect is to increase the demand for goods and services. If demand is already high, increasing it will only push up the prices of those goods and services. But the government may not be the only player in the inflation scenario. Citizens, through their voting power, encourage the government to follow inflationary policies. In the United States special interest groups often exert pressure on Congress for programs that will benefit them at the expense of the treasury. Few taxpayers actually ask their Congressional representatives to raise taxes. Government deficits in themselves do not necessarily lead to inflation, but they make it more difficult to prevent inflation or to slow it down. Another part in the scenario is played by peoples efforts to protect themselves from the effects of inflation. Consumers want their incomes to increase so as to keep up with rising prices. Those who belong to unions may put pressure on employers to raise wages, a factor that tends to force up prices still further. Those who lend money expect to be paid back in inflation-adjusted dollars. Retired people want their social security and other pension payments to increase with the cost of living. As inflation continues, people expect it to become even worse and try to compensate for it in advance. The simple expectation of inflation thus helps to keep it going.