The Population Of Azerbaijan Cultural Studies Essay

The Population Of Azerbaijan Cultural Studies EssayI was born and raised in Azerbaijan and currently I live in Texas, United States. Geographically Azerbaijan is located where East meets West, therefore it is non surprising that the goal in Azerbaijan has been seed by Western and Eastern desexualize of values. Ive always believed that Azerbaijan has a genuinely unique finish compared to other countries that share the same demographics and religion with it. To the byside world the Azerbaijan culture may seem very modern and Westernized however if wizard spends considerable amount of time living in Azerbaijan they will realize that the culture in this country is rather conservative. The culture in Azerbaijan has been considerably shaped due to globalisation especially during the last two decades.The population of Azerbaijan consists of one racial group leaving very light space for diversity. People that are different race that reside in Azerbaijan are from foreign countries a nd speak a foreign language. Therefore Azerbaijanis are not very open minded and are not used to being around good deal that are different than them. Discriminating different races or cultures is considered something acceptable due to lack of exposure to other cultures.In addition to the social caboodle of Azerbaijan acts as a major influence on Azerbaijani society, moral philosophy and values. Islam is practiced by 90% of the population and controls every looking of a persons life. Market ex qualifyings and great religious associations comprise the social system of Islam, and although Islam is the core influence on the life of Azerbaijanis. I was born into a Muslim family and I still practice Islam. I believe the reason behind the conservative disposition of Azerbaijani culture is that religion is still taking very seriously in this area.Every culture has negative and positive aspects to it. One of the positive aspects of my culture is that families are very close to each o ther and are always there for each other. I like and admire this about my culture. However, there is a downside, which is that there is a very little sense of privacy. Everyone always wants to inhabit everything about each others personal life and they feel that they are entitled to know whats going on in other peoples personal lives. In other words there is no respect for privacy and I find this to be quiet embarrassing about my culture. Living in the United States has exposed me to a lot of new things including different social norms. One thing that I really admire about the culture here is how people are professional and organized. I believe being able to deal with all kinds of circumstances in a professional manner shows good manners. I also like how people are organized it helps society to function better and much efficiently.Most of the people in Azerbaijan are racist towards black people, simply because they have never really interacted with them. A couple of years ago Azer baijani soccer teams started recruiting Afri idler soccer players. This resulted in a number of African soccer players living on my native hometown Baku. Unfortunately they were not very pick up by the local population. People would stare at them, laugh at them and make rude remarks about them. I made friends with couple of them and would hang out with them on regular basis. During these times people would often stare at us and make rude comments. I would always make sure to foundation up for my friends and explain that it is wrong to act this way towards them.A few years earlier we a had a class project regarding Geography and everyone was unloosen to come up with a creative idea that involved some foreign country. Every stood in front of the class one by one and explained their project. When it was turn for one of my classmates he opened a map of the world with Middle East and North Korea crossed out in it. He hence explained that he would drop a nuclear bomb on North Korea an d Middle East and kill everyone that lives there. No one in class verbalize anything including the teacher. I was shocked and wanted to say something but kept quiet. If this incident happened today I would definitely stand up and let him know that he was being ignorant and offer him more information about Middle East.In addition to the social circumstances of Azerbaijan, religion acts as a major influence on Azerbaijani society, morals and values. Islam is practiced by 90% of the population and controls every aspect of a persons life. Market exchanges and great religious associations integrate the social system of Islam, and although Islam is the core influence on the life of Azerbaijanis. The moral value system of Islam is based on the absolute equality of man, irrespective of race, wealthiness or lineage. The only distinction in Islam is based on piety.I believe that Azerbaijans reaction to westernization has been a negative one due to the fact that foregoing Western culture ha s failed to penetrate it. The reason for the Azerbaijans rejection of globalization is because of their social circumstances. Socially, Azerbaijani culture is the opposite of what the fundamentals of globalization are. In Azerbaijan people are mutualist individuals, highly family oriented and they think analytically. In addition, Azerbaijani people do not base their activities on a timeline and are far more soft in terms of tardiness or leaving a business setting to converse with a friend. Azerbaijani people embody the idea of putting individual else needs before their own as well as choosing to do business amidst their own social circles. The culture of Azerbaijani people to not do business with a stranger is one of the core reasons why globalization does not work there. In order to give a better sagaciousness of how people there view doing business within their own social circle Id like to tell a story of man whose friends frequent his uncles nag company and would rather walk if there are not taxis available opposed to calling upon the services of another company.In order to sum up how culture influences each generation differently Ive divided them into three categories.1-Those who reject westernization as the highest stage of imperialism and cultural invasions based on the idea that it is designed to dominate, affright and destroy a cultures heritage.2-Those who welcome the scale of globalization as the age of modern science, advanced technology, global communications and knowledge-based information. This second group of thinkers debate that its people can no longer remain confined to the boundaries of their heritage3-Lastly, the third group does not agree with the idea of globalization nor does the group disagree with it. It can be described as a group that is positive neutrality and has a variation of attitudes when it comes to globalization.The reaction of westernization depends of which group of population it is affecting. It seems the first group mentioned above is that of the elderly group around the age of grandparents. This group is made up of individuals who still hold on to tradition and religion allowing it to determine every aspect of their life. With this group Islam is the practiced religion and the traditions of Islam go against the idea of westernized globalization. The third group is made up of those who are ticker aged, who at the moment feel torpid about the idea of globalization. These people still allow specific parts of religion and tradition to dictate their lives yet they still entertain the thought of allowing the change to take place. It is safe to say that this group agrees with Frank Griffel who quoted, Instead of rejecting globalization, the Islamic world is finding its own way of globalization. The two processes use the same direction and the same tools and are indeed inseparable.Lastly, the second group is primarily made up of the younger generation. The younger generation is a lot more powerful to the change of things merely because that is the age in which he or she was born and raised in. Since the third group entertains the prospect of utilizing everything good in globalization, that is the idea the middle aged (parents) are passing on to the second group (children of the third group). To the first group the religion of Islam plays a major role in how globalization is reacted upon, however, the way the world is changing and the younger the generations, globalization will soon outweigh the power of religion.

The Construction Industry Development Board Construction Essay

The wind Industry Development Board face EssayIn Malaysia wrench affects a muckle of consequence much(prenominal) as noise pollution, dangerous and sometime in that respect is unhygienic to the human being and the environment. From the statistic show, twirl is a one of the five-spot most dangerous of micturate in Malaysia. Construction actors ar two to three times more likely to die on the pipeline than workers in separate industries while the take a chance of serious defacement is almost three times higher. The perseverance has not been unresponsive to this state of affairs, recognizing that consistent excellence in worker prophylactic requires a concerted effort on the begin of e genuinelyone engaged in eddy related activities. The facts show that tress is indeed a dangerous assiduity. The tragic incidents showed that the expression industry only paid lip service to preventative.Department of Occupational wholesomeness and precaution (DOSH) director-gen eral (Abu Bakar Che Man,2006 ) said that at least 30% of complex soundbox part web rages confuse arctic ratings of unsatisfactory or lower. The number of fatality and permanent dis fittedment cases due to slash at the Malaysia device sites is one of the highest as comp ared to the other heavens. Construction accident that hazardous worker life. The accidents happen may cause physical injuries or wellness illness in long status. The Social warranter organic law (SOCSO) paid out RM1.6bil in compensation to 52,639 workers who were involved in accidents at the workplace and while travelling to. If we still ignore this problem, what is the Consequence? For sure, the caoutchouc managing is necessary. In this dissertation, we will find out the presidency agencies such as Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB), theme Institute of Occupational synthetic rubber and wellness (NIOSH), Department of Occupational Safety and wellness (DOSH) and Occupational Safety an d health Administration (OSHA) in enforcing on the mental synthesis safety and health.1.2 Research Background inadequate safety record of the gimmick industry has eer been emphasize by all brotherly circles because safety attention always being ignore part and is not secure a hot implemented systematically in the construction industry in Malaysia. Safety at workplace is an issue impact all businesses since most companies do not feel that it is vital to the success and are afraid of possibility of prosecution. Government safety and health agencies has imposed a lot of comprehensive safety laws in the charge of the construction industry but from the take aim of awareness and practicability of it are generally lower than judge over the period from the announced the safety regulation. agree to Abdul Ghani Khalid Construction Site Injuries The case Of Malaysia, good safety platforms would certainly help in reducing injuries at the construction site. It will in like manne r minimise construction costs, increase productivity and profitability and more importantly it could save lives of workers (khalid, 1996). Thus, these will consequently contribute positively to the construction industry and nation as a whole.Government agencies such as DOSH, OSHA,NIOSH and CIDB has give their effort to enforcement safety and health in construction sites. However, the ability on enforcing is fail to achieve if without the cooperation of the construction site staff and worker. The cooperation by the site staff is important to issue the accident at construction site and good rulement likewise provide a safer works site. The player of the construction should take the responsibilities to the construction safety and health toward from a construction industry that is more stable and sustainable in future.1.3 Problem StatementConstruction is a one of five most dangerous of work in Malaysia. In 2011, the Social Security Organisation (SOCSO) paid out RM1.6bil in compensat ion to 52,639 workers who were involved in accidents at the workplace and while travelling to. Its increase on 15.63 per cent more than the total amount of compensation to workers involved in accident as compared to 2010 when the amount paid RM1.35bil.In this case, government lunched m any political program and prevention to minimize and reduce the safety problem in the construction industry. CIDB, NIOSH,DOSH and OSHA has play their role and enforced on the safety and health to prevent and settle the accident happen in the construction site. However, the enforcement is not perfectly preventing of injuries and fatality in the construction site, by the way its fail to solve the problem because there is a lot barrier when enforcing the rule and regulation by those agencies at last freightert richly work by the enforcement.This research is to identity the construction safety problem why many of enforcement or programmes are initiated by government agencies still could not reduce eff ectively the fatalities and injury rate in the construction industry.1.4 Research AimsThe researchers assume for lifeing this research is to analyse the government agencies on the improvement safety in the construction industry and to bod out the sticky and barrier to enforcing by government agencies in the Malaysia construction industry.1.5 Research ObjectiveThe objective of this dissertation is to -1.4.1 To identify the rules and regulation enforced by government agencies1.4.2 To study The effectiveness of the implementation and the difficulties during the enforcement of construction safety.1.4.3 Recommendation to improve the effectiveness of the implementation based on result by questionnaire and barrier of the enforcement of construction safety1.6 mount of StudyThis study will identify the role of government safety and health agencies and overly observation worker in the construction site to figure out any improvement can be achieve by the safety and health. Program enfor cing by government safety and health agencies will be discussed and the data regarding the efficiency of safety and health will be attached such as accident rate and fatalities in construction. In order to achieve the research objective, questionnaire among construction site staff around peninsular Malaysia will be analyse to acquire the result for this research. The construction site worker such as Contactor, Site Manager, Site Supervisor, Site address, Site QS, and site Worker.1.7 Research Methodology1.7.1 Stage 1 Literature reviewLiterature review is an organic part as the preliminary stage of set forthation collection to obtain extra fellowship and understanding of the research. Information and data related collected correspond the objective of this dissertation normally from internet, book, journal, magazine and article which available in college library. Statistic regarding the construction accident and fatalities will be analysed to find out the barriers of the enforceme nt. This stage enable to identify the problem and to figure out the solution to solve it in a better way1.7.2 Stage 2 Data Collection by QuestionnaireA set of questionnaire will be prepared to obtain the construction site staff opinion about the safety and health on construction site. Question around 40 to 50 will distribute to the construction site worker such as Contactor, Site Manager, Site Supervisor, Site Engineer , Site QS, and site Worker. The question will designed according to the research objective there is question about rule and regulation of government agencies on site staff opinion and the difficulties among construction site worker to comply with the rules and regulation enforced by government safety and health agencies1.7.3 Stage 3 Data Analysis and FindingThis stage is analysis of the questionnaire to determine the level of responds to each question within the questionnaire by counting the number of respond who solving favourably or unfavourably. The respondent com e form different aspect in the construction industry and result to determine the efficiency of the safety and health enforcing by government agencies. With the result get from the questionnaire, graphical format using by SPHH will produce to explain the result with easily.1.7.4 Stage 4 close of ResearchAfter the data analysis done, all the data will complied into the dissertation in order to amend mistake that contained in the dissertation. Conclusion and track will be carried out in this stage.1.8 Summaries of Chapter1.8.1 Chapter 1Chapter 1 is to understand about the research proposal title and master(prenominal) focus on the sector by a short paragraph. In this stage, also stated the aim and objective of this research from the problem statement.1.8.2 Chapter 2This stage is to study the deeply scope of the research. Literature review on textbook, journals, article, dissertation will be conduct to collect all secondary data by according to the research aim and objective.1.8.3 C hapter 3Chapter 3 Methodology is to study the method of data collection. How to design of the questionnaire, how to collect the data and where the data to be source will be conduct in this stage. The research methodology us important in guiding the researcher to achieve the aim and objective.1.8.4 Chapter 4The result get from research methodology will be analyse and discussed. Figure and table will be created to show the analysis of the result.1.8.5 Chapter 5This chapter presents finding for the study the will be carried out. A summary or conclusion about this research will be discussed.1.9 SummaryIn chapter 1, we have in introduction about Malaysia current Construction Safety situation. The unsatisfactory of accident rate act upon a barrier toward from a construction industry that is more stable and sustainable in future. throw cannot be fully avoided, but it can be minimise with some proper prevention. Although Government have many agencies to promote and enforcing occupational safety and health in construction industry, unfortunately the occupancies safety and health is still under a unsatisfied level. In this research, we able to know some of the rule and regulation or program that enforced by government agencies and also to figure out the barrier that threaten construction safety.Chapter 2 Literature Review2.1 entrancewayConstruction industry plays a significant role in the development process of Malaysia development contribute towards the economic growth generating additional demands for construction activities. undoubtedly construction is a industry which is very active and booming industry with contributing to the Malaysia economy. However, such achievements have also contributed much towards the safety issues where statistics showed that this industry has clear the reputation of being a highly hazardous industry due to its fatality rates.( Dayang and Gloria Chai, 2011) ) Health and safety is a paramount consideration for all construction indust ry professionals. It impinges upon the work of the planning authorities, client, consultants, contractor- in fact anyone who works on or is in the vicinity of a construction project. Whereas in the past health and safety, management has traditionally been consider as a production site activity, it has now become a comprehensive consideration process. It has also become an inviolate part of the corporate organizational framework and structure as well as the operational management of many organizations who contribute to the construction process.Safety management is the key to ensuring that safety measures are implemented on construction site, thus Malaysia government has been announced many agencies to manage the safety and health and a lot of enforcement or program are launched on construction site.(Steve Rowlinson, 2004) In this stage, the implementation of enforcement or program initiated by the government agencies are reviewed which including the history and function of the gove rnment enforcements. The accident rate or fatalities result that simultaneously the efficiency of construction safety enforcement in construction industry. The barrier and difficulties faced by government agencies in enforcement and program launched2.2 Construction SafetyAs we know, construction bring a huge contribution to country economic growth but it also bring a impact of construction safety problem threaten construction site worker such as injuries, illnesses even end. According to statistic the Social Security Organisation (Socso) paid out RM1.6bil in compensation to 52,639 workers who were involved in accidents at the workplace and while travelling to.(The Star, 2011) Variety of unexpected accidence occur, the open caused by the loss of equipment and working hours, minor injury, but severe case may ruin and termination. The construction safety and health is the process of construction industrial development, which cannot be ignored. Workers are often because of lack of ex perience caused accidents, the proportion of the damages around 50%, it is very serious case to threated construction site safety. opposite reason cause accident on construction site such as high-altitude operation, cross-liquidity operation, long operating time, labor-intensive, monotonous duplication of work and so many, those are the reason an accident occur. For many years operating in this environment, people are likely produce a depressed, irritable mood. When the operating life of job stimulus, the optic and psychological again building site impetuous color and clutter environment, the more intensified the anxiety, depression and un rest will increasing the hazard of occurrence of the accident. After a survey of different regions and cultural structures of different ages construction worker, more than 85% agree, long labor in a grey-haired color, and illumination is not enough under the operating environment, it is easy to make people feel stress, resulting in depressed th e sense of fear, ideological irritability visual fatigue, physical consumption object recognition energy increases, it tends to cause the deformation of the job action, affecting labor efficiency, while also increasing the likelihood of probable accidents.The construction safety purpose first is to avoid or reduce causalities and occupational diseases second is to ensure the equipment tools, and materials from damage and to protect and improve labor productivity, and maintaining social and economic development the third is to eliminate or reduce the environmental hazards of industrial pollution and living conditions of the people from destruction, and promote the interests of humanity as a whole increases.Safety of construction threaten the safety of construction site worker lives and property of the state, is no longer just the death or injury problem, but the change for real people- oriented and full attention to the construction safety and health of every worker. Worker are requ ires not only the rampart of life, and also comfortable in the workplace and living environment, occupational diseases prevention and control of demand, which is more important part of sustainable human development.A good construction safety will increase the performance of the construction work. It also reduced the probability of accident rate in construction site expeditiously and minimize the loss and damage when fatalities occur.Thence, its important to have a good safety and health management at construction site and cooperates with government agencies on enforcement of it.http//vectorise.net/logo/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/utamakan-keselamatan.pngFigure 2.1 Poster Safety first by CIDB2.3 Government agencies in construction safetyThere is no hundred percent that we can get free accident in construction, but we can minimize the accident rate happen. Safety problem is a serious problem that always concern by the government. Every year around 2 billion are paid for compensation to worker injured at construction site. According to the statistic of occupational accidents by Department of Occupational Safety and Health, 99 case of construction accident occur in 2011 and 50% of the accident involve death and permanently disable. Construction industry bring a big contribute towards the economic growth but stimulatory its also bring a problem to the construction site safety. In this case, Malaysia government has been announced a lot of program or enforcement to improve the safety of construction site through government agencies to manage the program or enforcement. Unfortunately, some of the program is have some improvement but some of them are not. That is wasting time and cost or resources to having such program or enforcement. There is necessary to find out the barrier of enforcing or program therefore enable to achieve a higher level of construction safety.2.3.1 Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB)Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) is s trategically important as a regulator body under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Works Malaysia in Construction Industry. CIDB was officially launched in July 1994 by Act 520 of Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinanaan Malaysia Act 1994. The mission of CIDB is To develop the Malaysian construction industry and increase the competitiveness of the Malaysian construction industry. The vision is CIDB to be a distinguished organization in developing world class construction industry.(Wong interpret Ling, 2011)Develop the capacity and capability of the construction industry through the enhancement of quality and productivity by placing great emphasis on professionalism, innovation and knowledge in the endeavor to improve the quality of life is the objective of the board and to achieve the objective, 11 function laid under of legality Of Malaysia Act 520 are followTo promote and stimulate the development, improvement and expansion of the construction industryTo advise and make recomm endations to the Federal Government and the State Governments on matters affecting or connected with the construction industryTo promote, stimulate and undertake research into any matter related to the construction industryTo promote, stimulate and attend to in the export of service related to the construction industryTo provide consultancy and advisory services with respect to the construction industryTo promote quality assurance in the construction industryTo initiate and maintain the construction industry information systemsTo encourage the standardisation and improvement of construction techniques and materialsTo provide, promote, review and coordinate provision programmed organized by the public and private construction training centres for skilled construction workers and construction site supervisorsTo accredit and register contractors and to cancel, suspend or reinstate the registration of any registered contractor andTo accredit and certify skilled construction workers a nd construction site supervisors.(source CIDB,2012)Many program and rules and regulation that have been enforcing to safety and health to minimize the accident happen in construction site by the board. Those program are result in effectiveness to minimize the accident rate in construction site such as safety and health induction and green card program. CIDB also award those well performance construction site worker called Malaysian Construction Industry Excellence Award (MCIEA) every year.2.3.2 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health was established with an endowment fund from SOCSO and from the Government an as a companion contain by guarantee under the company Act 1965to promote safety and health culture at the work place in Malaysia. NIOSH was launched in 1 December 1992 and the vision of NIOSH is To be the Leading Centre of Excellence in Occupational Safety and health and the mission is To be the preferred partner in enhancing Occupational Safety and Health.( Fadhil,2010) Objective of NIOSH is to ensure a vigorous working environment for all employees, course participates, contractors and visitors.A lot of contribute towards efforts in upgrading Occupational Safety and Health ( OSH) through developing curriculum and training programs for workers and employers to assist industry, commerce and other to solve problem relating to Occupational safety and Health (OSH). NIOSH also conduct primarily applied research and both short term and long term research on OSH and health issues relevant to the country and to disseminate information on research and findings on OSH and health issues in the main and other pertinent activities undertaken by or on behalf of the Institute and to be a centre of reference. (source All about Safety, 2001)The program indicated by NIOSH such as Contractor Safety Passport to increase the knowledge and awareness about occupational safety and health in construction industry through training or short courses. Participant are receive a certificate by NIOSH after sit for an examination as certify participant is fully understand their responsibility to occupational safety and health in the industry.2.3.3 Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH)The Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) is a department under the Ministry of Human Resources. This department is renamed from the Department of Factory and Machinery in April, 1994 and it is responsible for ensuring the safety, health and welfare of people at work as well as protecting other people from the safety and health hazards arising from the activities sectors which include Manufacturing, Mining and Quarrying, Construction, Hotels and Restaurant, Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing, Transport, Storage and Communication, Public run and Statutory Authorities, Utilities Gas, Electricity, Water and Sanitary Services,Finance, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services and Wh olesale and Retail Trades.As a government agency, the department is responsible for the administration and enforcement of lawmakings related to occupational safety and health of the country, with a vision of becoming an organisation which leads the nation in creating a safe and healthy work culture that contributes towards enhancing the quality of working life.With the corporate values Firm, Fair and Friendly by DOSH, the objective of the Department is to prevent industrial accident and occupational diseases by achieving reducing the rates of fatalities and rate of report accident up to 20% . Furthermore, increasing enforcement investigations, increasing promotional activities of safety and health and increasing the number of Occupational and health practitioners up to 10,000 people also is one of the objective by DOSH.In order to achieve a higher level performance of safety and health DOSH study and review the policies and legislation of occupational safety and health with enforce legislations such as Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 and its regulations, Factories and Machinery Act 1967 and its regulations and Part of Petroleum Act 1984 (Safety Measures) and its regulations. DOSH also conduct research and technical analysis related to occupational safety and health at the workplace to carry out promotional and publicity program to employers, workers and the general public to foster and increase the awareness of occupational safety and health and become a secretariat for the National Council regarding occupational safety and health. (Amat, 2008)2.3.4 National Council for Occupational Safety and Health (NCOSH)The National Council of Occupational Safety and Health (NCOSH) is the highest forum in the Ministry of Human Resources where tripartite discussions are held about issues related to the direction, depicted object policy and the implementation of occupational safety and health in Malaysia. NCOSH was formed by the Ministry of Human Resources in 1995 under Section 8 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514), as a product of the Government continual efforts to make safe and healthy work practices as a part of Malaysian culture.Furthermore, its purpose is to improve level of awareness of occupational safety and health and to ensure the safety of all workplaces in Malaysia. To become the prime mover in steering the nation through tripartism, forming a safe and healthy work culture as well as raising Malaysians quality of life.NCOSH carries out its functions by conducting discussions, studies and investigations, and subsequently presenting suggestions to the Ministry of Human Resources on matters related to Act 514 in particular the following matters-Changes deemed appropriate for occupational safety and health legislationAdministration and enforcement of occupational safety and health legislationOpen communication between management and employees regarding workers safety, health and welfareAdequate control methods fo r industrial chemicals in the workplaceWork-related death and accident statistic analysisIssues dealing with the safety, health and welfare of woman the handicapped and other groups in the communityEncouraging the development and acceptance of an industrial codes of practice related to workers safety, health and welfareDevelopment rehabilitation plan and facilities to help those injured in the workplace.(source OSH,2002)2.4 Enforcement by Government Agencies in Construction Safety and HealthMany of Government Agencies put their biggest afford to enforce the safety and health with a lot of program or rules are initiated on construction site. carrying out of enforcement or program initiated by the government agencies is to increase construction worker knowledge and awareness about occupational safety and health and effectively reduce the fatality or injury rate on construction site.2.4.1 Contractor Safety Passport (CSPS)Contractor Safety Passport is initiated by NIOSH to provide some basic skill and induction about the knowledge of occupational safety and health. Participant are receive a certificate by NIOSH after sit for an examination as certify participant is fully understand their responsibility to occupational safety and health in the industry. In the past of responsible company may have its own system ascertaining which contractor should be awarded a contract of work based on a number of criteria. One such criterion is that the contractor has workers who are well-versed with the rudiments of occupational safety related to their trade. In this way, the company will be assured that the workers concerned are able to work with minimal supervision without fear of any untoward incidents occurring during the course of package to help contractors and their worker to attain minimum standard of safety. (source NIOSH 2012)2.4.2 CIDB Green lineupCIDB Green Card initiated by CIDB since August 1997. This is an integrated program that involve the registration and accr editation of Construction Personal to enhance safety level at Construction Sites and ensure that construction workers are aware of the importance a safe and healthy working place and provides a basic knowledge on safety and health at the construction work site. This Program entails a one day Safety and Health Induction Course for construction Workers and provision of individual(prenominal) protective equipment consisting of a safety booklet and helmet. Green Card will be issued to participants of the one day safety and health induction course which also services as proof of registration with CIDB under the category of construction individualnel.. Those Construction Personnel who have been registered with CIDB and issued the Green Card are automatically cover by a special Insurance Scheme that insures the Construction Personnel against death and accidents. This insurance scheme is the result of CIDB continuous efforts towards improving construction workers welfare as well as provid ing security for them and their loved ones. Since August 1997, when this scheme was launched, construction personnel have enjoyed a 24-hr worldwide coverage which is not limited to accidents at work sites alone.Objectives of the Green Card Program divided into 3-fold. First is to ensure that the construction worker is aware of the importance a safe and healthy working place. Second provide a basic knowledge on safety and health at the construction work site and third inform construction worker of the legal requirement is relation to safety and health. ( source Green Card Program,1997)httphttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX_lxMQgby8CNPk10ZAouGYNsFjXgd4vJEe9nU_KwE-T4J2ntiALeck67aMN844sYQ4H1TcIsFocGCnAPzTrlIYtmjS5O4S1zChFLrkT-gGPXMp0lxfI6FhK7dHZvctxYdD6Lxholnla8/s1600/PA280900.JPGFigure 2.2 CIDB Green Card2.4.3 Occupational Health and Safety CommitteeFunctions of safety and health committee is keep under review the measures taken to ensure the safety and health of persons at the place of work. According to the Law Of Malaysia Act 514, every employer shall establish a safety and health comm ittee at the place of work in accordance with this section if there are forty or more persons employed at the place of work or the Director General directs the establishment of such a committee at the place of work. ) The composition of a safety and health committee established under subsection (1), the election or appointment of persons to the committee, the powers of the members of the committee and any other matter relating to the establishment or procedure of the committee shall be as prescribed. Every employer shall consult the safety and health committee with a view to the making and maintenance of arrangements which will enable him and his employees to co-operate effectively in promoting and developing measures to ensure the safety and health at the place of work of the employees, and in checking the effectiveness of such measures.A person who contravenes the provisions of this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding f ive thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to both.(source Act 514 OSHA 1994)2.5 Occupational Accidents and Fatalities RateAccording to the statistic of occupational accidents by Department of Occupational Safety and Health, 99 case of construction accident occur in 2011 and 51 people are death and 5 person is permanently disable in the accident, it is over 50 percent out of total accident.CUsersKitPicturesUntitled.jpgFigure 2.3 Data of Occupational Accident 2011 provided by DOSH oppose to the result in 2010, it is slightly reduce of the amount of victim involve from 100 to 99 people. By the way it is still on a very unsatisfied level of construction occupational safety and health.Figure 2.4 Data of Occupational Accident 2010 provided by DOSH2.6 Barrier and Difficulties in Enforcing on Safety and Health by Government AgenciesConstruction industry plays a significant role in the development process of Malaysia development contribute towards the eco nomic growth generating additional demands for construction activities. Undoubtedly construction is a industry which is very active and booming industry with contributing to the Malaysia economy. However, such achievements have also contributed much towards the safety issues where statistics showed that this industry has earned the reputation of being a highly hazardous industry due to its fatality rates.( Dayang and Gloria Chai )In order to form a construction industry that is more stable and susta

Scientific Analysis of Car Crash

Scientific Analysis of Car Crash

Reflective Account on Implementation of Change Process

Reflective Account on Implementation of Change ProcessThis pensive account deals with go acrossation of a change forethought c atomic number 18 for at a shop, where the author was employed for almost geezerhood a few geezerhood ago. The workshop provides a range of electrical, mechanical and overhauling services to different discussion sections of an industrial firm. It has separate departments for activities like electrical and mechanical work, fabrication, transmission and general repair and overhauling. The workshop was set up in the early 1980s and has its own accounting, administration and inventory functions.The conduct of an efficiency audit revealed numerous deficiencies in the functional exercisees of the workshop and the emergent need to implement significant changes for sweetening of productivity and achievement of (a) swifter turnaround time, (b) decrease of labour and (c) cost savings in various areas. away consultants recommended the adoption of a sophist icated ERP system for coordination of various workshop activities and optimisation of its trading operations. The organizational steering accepted these recommendations for the implementation of a modern-day ERP system and initiated processes for its introduction in the organisation. It was estimated that the adoption of the smart system would lead to reduction of workshop strength by 30 employees, significant lowering of inventory levels, elimination of material shortages for workshop operations, and shrinking of turnaround time. The external consultants and the senior management of the company were convinced that the combined effect of these different advantages would result in substantial improvement in workshop productivity and profitability.The workshop double-decker was informed most the finish by the CEO and two board instalments and was asked to initiate and implement the change management process. He asked for whatever time to study the proposal and involved me a nd two opposite junior workshop managers in the exercise. We found in the course of our probe of system features that whilst its introduction could certainly result in improvement of workshop productivity and efficiency, it would be very elusive for the subsisting workshop employees, many of whom had been with the department for years, to handle the abstr applyities associated with operating the proposed system. It would be necessary to appoint some fresh individuals with expertise in handling such ERP systems and train other workshop employees in the operations and mechanisms of the new system. Concerns were similarly raised about the organisational implications of terminating 30 employees who had worked sincerely for the workshop for many years.The change management group, headed by the workshop manager and staffed by myself and two other members examined the various implications of introducing and implementing the system and came to the conclusion that it would be necessary to recruit at least 7 fresh employees with requisite knowledge to implement and operate the ERP system. We felt that in such circumstances it would be meliorate to remove 37 departmental employees and induct 7 ERP specialists in order to interpret organisational objectives, both in areas of system proficiency and in reduction of employee strength.The workshop manager and the rest of us in the change management group up had some theoretical knowledge of Lewins and Kotters change management process. We decided to implement the change management process in specific phases comprising of (a) informing the workshop employees of the proposed change process and its implementation schedule, (b) the implications of the proposed change on the productivity and efficiency of the workshop, (c) the various inputs that would be provided by the company to facilitate the change, and finally (d) the imperative requirement to reduce existing employee strength by 37 battalion and induct 7 speciali st employees (Gary, et al, 1995, p 114).Deliberating on the possible adverse repercussions of the decision to terminate employees, our group loss leader specifically sought a meeting with the CEO and asked him to accommodate the surplus employees in other areas of the company (Heller, 1998, p 37). The CEO understood our apprehensions and after discussions with the HR department was able to confirm alternative positions for 25 people on similar terms and conditions, but placed at different locations. Handsome interruption packages were alike worked out for the employees who would commit to perforce be released (Heller, 1998, p 37).The first task of the change management team look uped dissemination of information about the proposed change to all workshop employees (Joseph, 2006, p 24). The announcement about the impending change and its implications were made at a general meeting where all employees were asked to be register (Joseph, 2006, p 24). The announcement at this meetin g was followed up by detailed meetings with smaller groups where members of the change management team individually informed workshop employees about the need for the change process and the ensuing benefits (Joyce, 2000, p 73). It was decided by us that the existing system would continue for at least 3 months after the implementation of the ERP system (Joyce, 2000, p 73). The training of existing employees in the new system was delegated to external trainers and the change process was formally put into exploit (Joyce, 2000, p 73).The proposed change however met with very severe resistance from a section of employees, most of whom had been shortlisted for termination of employment or transfer to other departments (Moss, et al, 1992, p 67). Whilst approximately 20% of the employees chosen for release were reasonably satisfied with the carefully theorise severance package, the other 30 employees became vocal in their opposition to the be after and asked to see the CEO in order to v ent their concerns and apprehensions. With employee relations in the workshop being happy for many years, the internal workers union had been disbanded many years ago. The workers however began to feel betrayed and vulnerable and started discussing the idea of forming a new workshop union with national trade union organisations (Moss, et al, 1992, p 67).The CEO and the workshop manager had detailed discussions with the affected workshop employees but were unable to convince them to take up alternative postings, many of which were in distant places and required them to live each from their families (Moss, et al, 1992, p 68). The breakdown in discussions between the workers and the management led to disruption in output schedules and made it very difficult for us to recruit new employees to operate the new ERP systems.Such difficulties led to significant delays in implementation and to disruption of workshop activity (Joyce, 2000, p 81). The organisational management was however fir m in its decision and arranged for subcontractors to compensate for the drop in workshop productivity (Joyce, 2000, p 81). Many of the existing employees excessively started feeling demoralised and started looking elsewhere for alternative employment (Joyce, 2000, p 81). It finally took the organisation more(prenominal) than a year to complete the implementation of the new ERP system and stabilise workshop production (Joyce, 2000, p 81).Whilst the introduction of the system has resulted in significant improvement in workshop efficiencies, productivity and profitability, I do feel that the change management process could have been handled better (Buono Kerber, 2010, p 4). My theoretical knowledge of change management processes informs me that successful change management needs to be planned very carefully and is dependent upon the effectiveness of communication with the people most likely to be affected by the change process (Buono Kerber, 2010, p 4). I feel that the decision to introduce the system was pushed with too much haste and without allowing the employees to acclimatise to the change proposal (Frame, 2002, p 54). My colleagues in the change management team also sustain with me that our communication of the various implications of the proposed change was possibly inadequate and did non instil feelings of the emergent need of bringing about the proposed change (Frame, 2002, p 54). Whilst the senior management of the company was committed to the change management process and extended all possible help, communication failures and hasty action at the operational level precipitated concern and crystallised resistance among employees, which eventually resulted in implementation delays, loss of productivity and incurrence of subcontracting costs (Doherty, 2002, p 89).I personally have learnt importantly from my experience and enlighten that theoretical knowledge of change management processes, whilst helpful for implementation of change, needs to be sup ported by strong management skills, clear and careful planning, prep for contingencies and sound knowledge of employee behaviour for bringing about successful completion of change management initiatives.Situation 2Reflective Account on team up Work and LeadershipI have had the opportunity to participate in a versatile team, comprising of individuals from different ethnic and national backgrounds, which was given the specific tasks of preparing a promotional and commercialiseing campaign for an NGO working in different areas of environmental conservation. The opportunity came about because of my interest in environmental issues and the acceptance of my pray to volunteer with a well known international NGO.Teams comprise of groups of two or more individuals who work dynamically, adaptively and interdependently for the achievement of common goals and objectives (Arya, 1997, p 9). Members of such teams are usually provided with specific roles and responsibilities (Arya, 1997, p 9) .Our team consisted of 7 members and we were given the task of working together for the substructure of a marketing and promotional campaign for reduction of environmental pollution in and around airports in the UK.The significance of team work for achievement of specific outcomes is now widely accepted in modern day organisational behaviour theory (Buller Bell, 1986, p 305). Modern day organisations are increasingly making use of teams for improving organisational performance in increasingly complex and changing business environments (Buller Bell, 1986, p 305). Organisational experts however ironically argue that whilst team work is now widely accepted as an important instrument for enhancement of organisational productivity and efficiency, many organisations that have built their operations around teams have found that the use of such teams very often results in little peremptory effect on organisational productivity. In some cases their use actually results in loss of product ivity (Rees, 2001, p 19).It has often been witnessed that teams with numerous high calibre individuals with present performance capabilities fail, even as teams of people with far more mediocre abilities often produce excellent results (Banker, et al, 1996, p 868). The modern day business environment is replete with examples of freshly started innovative and committed teams getting the better of large and established corporations with far greater resources (Banker, et al, 1996, p 868).My experience of participation in a diverse team of people in a not for profit NGO environment provided me with the opportunity of understanding and appreciating team work mechanisms. Our team was importantly diverse with regard to gender, nationality, academic training, work experience and personality. The team consisted of six members Larry, Martha, Nora, James, (myself), Peter and Sheila. Larry, the oldest member automatically assumed the role of leader. Organisational theory and literature specifi es that diverse teams lead to the availability of a variety of skills and perspectives (Brett, et al, 2006, p 84). These, if utilised appropriately, can result in significantly greater creativity and flexibility in creation of concepts, ideas, options and solutions in comparison with more homogenous groups and thus result in significantly better performance (Brett, et al, 2006, p 84).Whilst teams with diverse members often have admission price to a wider range of skills, abilities and perspectives, they also face challenges on account of differences in attitudes, cultures, perceptions and languages of team participants (Brett, et al, 2006, p 86). Our team members came from the UK, Latin America, Africa and South East Asia. Their educational backgrounds vary from the performing arts to the liberal arts, sciences and management. Whilst three of the group, including myself had experience of organisational work, the other four were fresh from college.The leadership of the team devolve d upon Larry, who was the oldest and most experienced team member (Olmstead, 2002, p 79). This development actually took place, without his actively seeking it, because other team members came to him on their own for advice and suggestion on the functioning of the group (Olmstead, 2002, p 79). Leadership is an highly significant element of team work processes. Much of the credit for both successes and failures of teams is given to leaders and to their decisions (Olmstead, 2002, p 79). Leaders are required to communicate with limpidity on the goals of the teams, provide team members with appropriate and specific roles, build environments of cooperation and collaboration, encourage communication between team members, generate commitment towards achievement of team objectives and execute atmospheres of inclusiveness by involving team members in various discussions and asking them for comment, feedback and suggestions (Rees, 2001, p 42). Leaders often appreciate the roles of team membe rs in order to motivate them to perform better in their tasks (Rees, 2001, p 42).Whilst leadership devolved upon Larry without his asking for it, he certainly did not disregard his responsibilities and worked for the development of an efficient, cooperative and focused team that was committed to its objectives (Ephross Vassil, 2005, p 109). all(prenominal) of us were given specific responsibilities for the development of the marketing and promotional campaign on airport pollution. We were asked to meet on determined dates, provide updates on our communicate and asked to contribute by way of suggestions on the work of other team members (Ephross Vassil, 2005, p 109). I was asked to research information on legal aspects of airport pollution, measure out the work of other team members, and help them in achieving their objectives (Ephross Vassil, 2005, p 109).Our team activity required members to engage in extensive discussions and generate numerous ideas and concepts for the camp aign. roughly of these sessions led to disagreements and even quarrels, which resulted in some members refraining from talking to others for some time (Olmstead, 2002, p 92). Nora, who was otherwise very friendly and outgoing, could not stand being opposed and would become excessively argument if she was contradicted by others. Larry would on such occasions take her aside and explain to her the necessity of collaboration and pleasantness between team members for effective team effort (Olmstead, 2002, p 97).We were asked to prepare the campaign in a period of six weeks and were happy to find that the job was completed in time despite arguments and delays. The marketing campaign was presented to the board of the NGO on the predetermined date. Larry deliberately chose Nora to handle the presentation, even as all of us were present to answer questions on our areas of work. We were at the end of the exercise happy to know that we had succeeded in our team objectives despite our diversi ty and our different social and cultural backgrounds.The results of our team reiterated that teams with diverse members could excel in areas of creativity if they were led with sincerity, provided with transparent environments, and encouraged to communicate and collaborate with each other.Section 3Reflective Account on Motivation and RewardThis reflective narrative concerns my experiences of working with a HR consultancy organisation entrusted with the task of formulating a fix and remuneration programme for textile workers in Bangladesh. The client of the HR consultancy services operates a equip manufacturing grind that is situated on the outskirts of Jessore, a small town in western Bangladesh. The organisation creates garment designs in their London studio and produces the garments in Bangladesh in a subcontracted factory with local Bangladesh labour. The produced garments are subsequently sold to clothing retailers across the UK and in some towns in Germany.The recent stress on sustainability in business operations in the UK has resulted in substantial insistency from UK clothing retailers and consumers for ensuring of sustainable manufacturing practices at the workplaces of outsourced suppliers and manufacturers in developing countries (Marks, 2005, p 7). The organisation, in response to market demand, conducted an internal HR audit and found both working conditions and the remuneration of workers at the factory in Bangladesh to be significantly below acceptable norms. Workers, both male and female, were being paid salaries of approximately GBP 20 per month, which were 15% lesser than the minimum reward qualify by the Bangladesh government. The factory operated in two shifts of 10 hours each, even as the maximum legal time of a shift was 8.5 hours. The HR audit also revealed deficiencies in working conditions in areas of sanitation, availability of water, separate washrooms for men and women and crche facilities for working mothers. The internal aud it also revealed that some of the workers appeared to be a scrap too young for taking up such strenuous work, even though HR records revealed that all workers were above 18 years in age.My organisation was given the brief of formulating suggestions for improvement of working conditions, rationalisation of remuneration and improvement of motivation of workers at the outsourced production centre in Bangladesh. I was a member of the small team of three that was entrusted with the responsibility for making a primary study on the issue and develop workable solutions that would serve sustainability objectives without placing undue pecuniary pressure on the management of the company.Modern day HR theories are informed by the work and theories advanced by psychologists and behavioural experts like Maslow, Herzberg, vroom and McGregor. Maslows well known theory of needs states that individuals essentially work to satisfy their needs, which progress from basic physiological needs like food, clothing and shelter to safe and security, love, status and esteem, and finally to self actualisation (Maslow, 1954, p 11). Herzbergs theory of motivation on the other hand states that individuals are influenced in their job choices by two distinct sets of conditions, namely hygiene factors and motivation factors. Hygiene factors represent issues like salary, security, workplace reputation and general working conditions (Herzberg, et al, 1993, p 21). Motivation factors on the other hand consist of issues like potential for learning and growth, scope for enhancement of responsibilities and official recognition for efforts of employees (Herzberg, et al, 1993, p 21).Our team found, whilst analysing the remuneration levels and working conditions at the clients factory in Bangladesh that the workers lived lives of basic subsistence and were just about able to meet their physiological needs with their existing salaries. Most of them lived in low quality slums and did not have the resour ces to buy liveable houses. The application of Maslows theory of needs in such circumstances led to the conclusion that the workers would be ready to put in significantly greater efforts in order to satisfy their physiological and security needs and work even harder to achieve their status and esteem needs.The application of Herzbergs theory revealed that the workers did not at the time of the study have access either to hygiene or to motivation factors. Their working conditions were poor, their salaries were low, and there was little scope for career progression, reward or recognition. Apart from such circumstances, it was also evident that the owners of the sub-contracted manufacturing facilities at Bangladesh were deliberately contravening governmental rules and regulations with regard to minimum wages, time of work and also possibly engagement of underage labour.It did appear ironical to all of us that whilst people in the UK were concerned about the application of modern day H R theories and the work of Maslow, Herzberg and McGregor, people in the developing countries continued to work in extremely difficult conditions just to survive and meet the very basic needs of their families and their own selves. It was also very obvious that outsourcing by the client organisation to Bangladesh had been done primarily to exploit the low wages in the region. Any recommendation to improve the wages or the working conditions of the workers was bound to lead to greater costs, reduction of profitability and negation of the basic reasons for shipping the work abroad.Members of our team however understood that growing pressure from environmentally conscious buyers and final consumers was bound to create pressure on firms that shipped work to low wage regions to improve the working conditions of their workers (Latham, 2006, p 47). We thus formulated a detailed report recommending the improvement of wages to 20% higher than minimum wage levels and the construction of a sche me to reward sincere, efficient and full-bodied workers. We recommended the establishment of washrooms, canteen facilities and crches and the reduction of daily working hours to 8 hours a day, with overtime payments at established rates in case operations at the facilities had to be conducted for longer hours (Latham, 2006, p 47). We also recommended the establishment of a performance appraisal and management system for locating good performers who could be shortlisted for more responsible positions in future (Latham, 2006, p 47).We explained in detail in our report that the implementation of such measures would lead to significant organisational benefits, both in the market place and at the manufacturing facilities (Armstrong, 2006, p 5). Awareness of sustainable manufacturing practices among buyers and consumers would lead to improvement of reputation and increased demand for products (Armstrong, 2006, p 5). The implementation of the recommended measures at the workplace would al so lead to improvement of productivity, reduction of wastage, lesser absenteeism and greater commitment among members of the workforce (Legge, 2004, p 16). Compliance with governmental regulations on the other hand would reduce the obligation of prosecution and the levy of significant penalties (Legge, 2004, p 16).We were happy to find that the suggestions in our preliminary report were accepted with openness and appreciation by our clients. The clients called us for a detailed meeting wherein we explained of the likely benefits of adopting more worker-centric policies to organisations that shipped work to low wage regions. We provided the example of Nike and the extensive critical media reports on the company after the publication of exposes on the abysmal working conditions at its factories in South Asia (Dusen, 1998, p 1). The senior management of the company assured us that they would initiate plans to improve working conditions at their facilities in Bangladesh in line with ou r suggestions.I think of my experience in working on the project as one of the most rewarding and fulfilling episodes of my working career. It showed me how modern day HR theories can be used to good effect in different types of situations and workplaces. It not only gave me the opportunity to practically use my theoretical knowledge on motivation and reward but also gave me the chance to make a difference to the lives of people who work in difficult conditions for survival and subsistence.

Are Electric Cars the Future of Transportation?

Are Electric Cars the Future of Transportation?To move on the interrogation and bargain fors of galvanising automobiles to reduce succeeding(a) pollution of the environment, manufacturers and consumers would benefit from subsidies and incentives from the g everywherenment. This could provide a more(prenominal) economical and environmental friendly means of elevator cargo ships in the future that would help in protecting the environment. There is the debate on the research and development of a more efficient voltaic automobile car would produce more pollution by means of manufacturing. The long term gain in managing to produce an electric car that does short distance travel as easy as long distance could mean less pollution as the engineering science advances to bring on that is more efficient than todays magnetic variation of electric cars.As children from the 1960s to the 1980s, we watched The Jetsons with the idea that one day the future would be very much like life living there. degraded cars, robot maids, instant full meals, and also traveling around with jet packs. Life seemingly made much easier with the use of technology. So far today, transfer of training has progressed in technology from horse drawn carriages to gasoline powered cars and now on to the way of electric cars. There has been an effort in trying to reduce the do of pollution from the technology of hackneyed cars in the last few familys. Cars have been manufactured for years, however, in the early years there was non a cause for concern with the environment. The main reason organism the amount of cars on the road were not as many due to that many people could not afford one since it was considered a luxury.Over the years, cars became more affordable. Families were able to afford more than one car and soon became multi car families. With the addition of more cars creation manufactured and running on the road, the emissions being produced have increased creating pollutio n that is causing many issues. With the current technology, manufacturers are attempting to find ways to make electric cars that are more affordable, reliable, and efficient. Once electric cars are more readily affordable, became able to travel long distances, and the installation of charging stations, the emissions would decrease and the environment would being to advance from the lack of pollution.There are a few advantages to electric cars. The first is dependency on fossil fuels by bill cars would be gone, which would reduce the be of fuels if one purchased a hybrid of an electric and fuel cross type of car. If one purchased a fully electric car, then the fuel be would be gross(a)ly cut and thus saving money by having no fuel expenses. This would mean either a substantial decrease or complete cut in fuel embodys with either type of car given the current rising costs in fuels. The new(prenominal) advantage over changing from a standard car to an electric one is that if th ere was a complete switch to an all-electric or a plug-in extended car, the nation would sustain 15 billion gallons of gasoline each year. (Pasadena Star-News, 2013). Thus reducing the costs for gasoline for both the nation as well as consumers.Maintenance is some other issue with both standard and electric cars. There is a cost contravention between the two. The advantage with electric cars are that a lot of mechanics observe that even though electric car engines still have moving parts, the maintenances is way easier, faster and cheaper (PR Newswire US, 2014). With an electric car, the rides should be quieter and smoother than a standard one.Theres a $7,500 federal tax credit for buyers of plug-in electric fomites, and there are incentives for building charging stations and battery plants. (Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 2013) With federal and terra firma tax credits, some models of electric cars are arguably competitive with standard mid-line economy cars. The cost of a Nissan Le af, is listed for $30,000 to $31,000 at the Boulder Nissan dealership, will drop to $17,500 to $18,500 afterward federal and state credits. (The Denver Post, 2013) Tax credits, subsidies, fuel, maintenance, no emissions, and reliability are just to name a few more of the advantages to owning an electric car. The idea that being able to cut costs towards fuel purchases and maintenance is appealing when faced with the rising costs of both as well as the credits to trim the initial purchase cost.Battery, plug-in hybrids, hybrids, and hydrogen fuel-cell cars are the four types of electric cars currently in development. Battery electric cars have electric motors and battery packs with no other means of propulsion. The distances is usually about 100 miles. Plug-in hybrids act like an electric car from the first 15 to 50 miles, then can be switched over to a onboard internal-combustion engine that acts as a generator. Hybrids either use an electric motor as assists for the gas engine, or allow short bursts of electric-only effort. The hydrogen fuel-cell cars has a fuel cell that produces electricity from hydrogen which replaces the battery pack (Motavalli, 2012). mend these are the current standards with these types of electric cars, the improvement in technology will swop those over time.Environmental advantages with the electric car versus a standard one is that an electric car does not emit any emissions. A standard car emits pollutants from by the way they are powered. The way a standard car works is by combusting fuel, which in turn creates carbon dioxide that cannot be minimized by the use of emissions-control devices (Kliesch, 2011). A full electric car does not require any fuel, which in turn would not emit any emissions to create pollution.While there are many advantages to owning an electric car, there are disadvantages as well. One is the currently the way electricity is used to charge one is produced. Depending on the source of electricity generated will determine the amount of pollution. There are several different sources used in how electricity is generated. There are renewable sources, such as solar, wind and hydropower. Then there is the natural gas, coal-fired and nuclear plants. While the renewable sources would mean for the electric car to be manufactured by no pollution effects to the environment. The next in line for least amount of pollution is the natural gas plants, while coal-fired is the worst to emit postgraduate levels of carbon dioxide as well as particulate matter. Nuclear plants, while not a threat from global warming or smog-forming pollution standpoint, devil the dangerous threats of nuclear disasters and nuclear proliferation (Kliesch, 2011). Renewable sources are still being incorporated into the current technology and life styles.While there is quite a few different types of pollution, a car produces 3 different types. The types produced from cars are categorized as in-use, upstream and vehicle-manu facturing emissions. The definition of in-use is when a person is actually driving the car. While upstream emissions result from the production and transportation the fuel a car uses to where it is used. The third manufacturing-related emissions, accounts for about 10 to 20 percent of a vehicles lifetime greenhouse output (Kliesch, 2011). To be fair, that is only a portion of what contributes to pollution on a large scale. Those are what accounts for a standard cars emissions. The electric car produces no in-use emissions, but they do have upstream emissions from where the electricity is produced in order to charge the battery.If one looks at the amount of pollution emitted by a standard car versus an electric one, it can be seen as to how much of a difference there is. A difference that is also affected by the location the car is driven in. If one give-up the ghostd in California and had an electric car, driving 12,000 miles in a year would emit about 1.6 tons of carbon dioxide. H owever, by contrast a hybrid would emit about 2.9 tons and a 25 mile per min car would emit about 5.9 tons (Kliesch, 2011). Being that California has the most advantage with the cleaner of electricity produced, it would be a huge impact on reducing pollution by changing from a standard car to an electric one.The reason the government should be offering incentives and subsidies to the consumer as well as manufacturers are to help in reducing the dependency upon petroleum-based fuels. By investing into cleaner energies and cleaner cars, the impact of pollution caused by those would help the environment over a period of time. As the population that inhabits the Earth, this is the only planet able to sustain human life and needs to be protected for future generations to live here. In time there will be too much pollution that will cause many more health issues and possibly make the Earth unlivable in the future.With purchasing an electric car, one would have an immediate change in fuel costs. It would depend on the type of car purchased. If it were an all-electric car, then fuel costs would be eliminated. With a hybrid type, the amount of fuel purchases would possibly be cut up to half or perhaps more. To put it to numbers, drivers may ultimately compare fuel efficiency by how much it would cost to purchase fuel versus cost to charge with electricity. If gas costs $3 per gallon and typical mileage is 25 miles per gallon, it will take 4 gallons of gas to go 100 miles, at a total cost of $12. The per-mile cost is one hundredth of that, or 12 cents per mile. For the Prius, at 50 miles per gallon, fueling costs are half that 6 cents per miles (PR, N, 2014). This is a considerable difference in cost per mile for standard car versus an electric car.As long as technology improves in different areas, then the advantages will outstrip the disadvantages on owning an electric car. The current means of manufacturing and ways to recharge an electric car to be improved to re duce the level of pollution side effects on the environment as well as lower the costs to purchase an electric car. The improvements with an electric car being able to travel raise distances by improving the battery capacity and then implementing of charging stations much like gas stations. While those improvements are being made with electric cars, the technology for current production of electricity will be improved upon as well. This will reduce the pollution created from not only standard cars, but as well as the general usage by homes and businesses. This will bring forth protecting the population to being able to live in a healthier, better breathing environment much like in the days prior to the invention of cars.With the ground work in place for evolving the future of transportation to improve the environment, it is also going to be making an impact on the future of how electricity is made. While technology will change to improve the electric car, it will also change how el ectricity is produced. This will reduce the impact to the environment with the emissions produced from some forms of electricity production and standard cars. The placement of incentives and subsidies will enable consumers and manufacturers to purchase and develop a cheaper, environmental friendly electric car. The research into making an electric car travel further distances will also boost research into changing how electricity is used to recharge the battery. In time there will be charging stations very similar to todays gas stations, allowing people to travel further instead of staying within a certain distance. The quiet and smooth ride of an electric car could change the cheer level versus the standard. With the rising costs of fuel and maintenance for a standard car would decrease if each home were able to afford the initial purchase of an electric car. In time, electric cars will be manufactured for less and be similar in purchase cast a standard car, or perhaps even less. The future of the environment seems dependent on putting more effort into the research and manufacturing of a more economical and efficient electric car.ReferencesPR, N. (2014, March 7). Electric Cars set to offer consumers a number of benefits as advocacy towards sustainable automobiles grows. PR Newswire US.(2013). Plugging in Many benefits of electric cars justify subsidies for usual charging infrastructure in Colorado. The Denver Post (Denver, CO).KLIESCH, J. (2011). WHY ELECTRIC CARS ARE CLEANER. Mother Earth News, (244), 58.(2013, October 20). Are electric cars the vehicles of the future?. Fort Worth Star-Telegram (TX).(2013, celestial latitude 15). The Green Way Americans missing benefits of electric cars About 45 million households meet criteria for driving battery or electric plug-ins but dont have vehicles. Pasadena Star-News (CA). p. 9.Motavalli, J. (2012). The Road Ahead for Gasoline-Free Cars. Futurist, 46(2), 6-7.

Current Technology on Winding Linear Generators Essay -- Physics Elect

Current Technology on Winding elongated Generators twitchThis paper is an overview of the materials and winding technology that is currently used on todays elongate generators. It contains information on the types of wire used as sanitary as the epoxy used to hold the coil windings in place. Furthermore, it contains information on the possible orientations that the coils can have with respect to the permanent magnets.IntroductionLinear generators/motors have been around since the early 1900s with one of the first written references being in regard to Birkelands Cannon, then described as a tubular motor but is more accurately described as a reluctance motor. 1Today linear generators/motors have more widespread, non to mention less destructive, uses such as magnetically levitated trains, and renewable power generation.The WireMagnet wire is the preferred type of wire used for the windings of linear generators and most other types of generators. This wire is made out of copper w ire and insulated with a thin layer of enamel. The thickness of the insulation is much smaller than that of measuring rod electrical wire. The reason for this is to allow for the wires to be packed in closer together while at the same time restricting the current from jump between wires. Magnet wire comes in various sizes, like most wires, and also has an associated gauge that allows the engineer to determine its ampacity characteristics. Taihan Electric wire company gave the pursual definition of magnet wire on its website Magnet wire is wound in a form of coil around the core inside the electrical appliances and plays a role of converting mechanical energy into electric energy and vice versa. Magnet wire is widely used in alm... ...ConclusionThe research elusive in this paper has greatly enhanced our groups understanding of the technology involved in winding linear generators and will be a useful ask during the construction of our prototype.Works Cited1. E.R. Laithwait e, Propulsion Without Wheels. Hart Publishing Company, Inc, 19682. Taihan, November 24, 2003, http//www.taihan.com/taihan_eng/prod/wire/magn_MAGN_m.asp?curMenu=wire3. Rare Earth Magnets, November 24, 2003, http//www.rare-earth- magnets.com/magnet_university/magnets_electromagnetism.htm4. Altana Electrical Insulation, November 24, 2003, http//www.epoxylite.com/motors.htm5. Van Blarigan, Peter. Advanced Internal fire Electrical Generator. Sandia National Laboratories. Livermore, CA. 20016. Kunel, Heinrich. German Patent DE3024814, 01-28-1982

Essay --

Before the conquest of Gaul consulship was yet to be decided as the senate were being secured by grand bribery from Marcus Bibulous as a part of an anti- caesarean election although failed to prevent Caesars election. Caesar had than succeeded in organising an irresistible coalition of policy-making bosses which included (Pompey and Crassus) which became the first triumvirate. The alliance was affectively sealed by Pompey marrying Caesars only child Julia. The Gallic war (58-51 BC) was the conflict in which Julius Caesar emerged as a great legions leader after an earlier career as a politician. A conflict that began with an attempt to preserve stability on the borders of Roman province transmontane Gaul soon turned into a war of conquest. Only after putting down three major Gallic revolts. Caesar described Gaul as being split into three sections Omniun Gallo in tres partes divisa est- Commentarri de Bello Gallico. The north east of the country was populated by the Belgae, the cen tre of the country was inhabited by the Celts and the area beyond the Garonne River was populated by the Aquitani. As Gaul was split up Caesar effectively able to divide and conquer. Romes new province was officially called cisalpine Gaul to distinguish it from Cisalpine Gaul in northern Italy. Transalpine Gaul g overned separately from Cisalpine Gaul but in 59 BC the governor of Transalpine Gaul died and the province was assigned to Caesar. Cisalpine Gaul also owned by Caesar gave him a military recruiting ground which gave Caesar a jumping-off point for the conquest beyond Romes North West frontier. In 58 BC Romes northwest frontier, ran from the Alps down the leftover bank of the upper Rhone River to Pyrenees, skirting the south eastern foot of the Cevennes.... ...and gave the name for the month July.Although it was said the invasions were pre-emptive it is believed they were fought primarily to boost Caesars political career and pay of his massive debts. His achievements over the defeat of Gaul regardless still amazing as the Romans didnt possess any great superiority in the military equipment over the north European barbarians. The Gallic Calvary was far superior to Rome but Romes military superiority lay in its verify of strategy in tactics, discipline and military engineering. In Caesars mind his conquest of Gaul was probably carried out as a means to his ultimate end. He was acquiring the military manpower the plunder and the p catch ones breathige that he needed to secure a freehand for the prosecution of the task of reorganizing the roman state and the rest of the Greco- Roman world.I came, I saw, I conquered- Julius Caesar.