stem cells :: essays research papers

Advancements in genetic engineering has been one of the most talked about subjects for many years. It has scared some but at the same time intrigued others. This question how far is too far, will play a big issue in years to come and even now for that mater. What people do not understand is that the research that is being done today is being done to help cure incurable diseases like the Aids virus and Cancer and it is not being done to create at perfect utopian society where everyone is the same and equal in all aspects. Stem cell research has been around since the early 1980's and since its development many advances have been made. In the beginning they could only speculate what they could do with the cells. They have come farther than anyone cold imagine when they cloned dolly the sheep in 1997 and since then it has become a popular subject. People fore the most part are open to the idea that stem cells could be the cure for many diseases but it scares them to thing that since scientists can change the cells in a kidney that why couldn't they manipulate the cells to make a perfect human. Though the argument is sound and logical it is unlikely that in the near future of ever for that matter that our government would allow such things to happen. Though the slow downward spiral of the development of stem cells is inevitable it is not of any real threat to our generation. President Bush's views on stem cell research are probably the best way to go about studying the cells without the most complications. In 2001 he proposed that only some cells be researched. CNN put it this way, "The president said scientists have told him that research on the 60 exist ing stem cell lines has great promise that could lead to breakthrough therapies and cures. This allows us to explore the promise and potential of stem cell research without crossing a fundamental moral line"(cnn.com). This is probably the most practical way of looking at the research but recently Bush changed his policy on government funding of Stem Cell research. His new policy allows the development of stem cells to continue but now cuts government funding from the picture. Ken Lisaius the

alcoholism :: essays research papers

For most people who drink, alcohol is a pleasant accompaniment to social activities. Moderate alcohol use—up to two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women and older people—is not harmful for most adults. (A standard drink is one 12-ounce bottle or can of either beer or wine cooler, one 5-ounce glass of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits.) Nonetheless, a large number of people get into serious trouble because of their drinking. Currently, nearly 14 million Americans—1 in every 13 adults—abuse alcohol or are alcoholic. Several million more adults engage in risky drinking that could lead to alcohol problems. These patterns include binge drinking and heavy drinking on a regular basis. In addition, 53 percent of men and women in the United States report that one or more of their close relatives have a drinking problem. The consequences of alcohol misuse are serious—in many cases, life threatening. Heavy drinking can increase the risk for certain cancers, especially those of the liver, esophagus, throat, and larynx (voice box). Heavy drinking can also cause liver cirrhosis, immune system problems, brain damage, and harm to the fetus during pregnancy. In addition, drinking increases the risk of death from automobile crashes as well as recreational and on-the-job injuries. Furthermore, both homicides and suicides are more likely to be committed by persons who have been drinking. In purely economic terms, alcohol-related problems cost society approximately $185 billion per year. In human terms, the costs cannot be calculated. Many people wonder why some individuals can use alcohol without problems but others cannot. One important reason has to do with genetics. Scientists have found that having an alcoholic family member makes it more likely that if you choose to drink you too may develop alcoholism. Genes, however, are not the whole story. In fact, scientists now believe that certain factors in a person’s environment influence whether a person with a genetic risk for alcoholism ever develops the disease. A person’s risk for developing alcoholism can increase based on the person’s environment, including where and how he or she lives; family, friends, and culture; peer pressure; and even how easy it is to get alcohol. Any concerns you may have about discussing drinking-related problems with your health care provider may stem from common misconceptions about alcoholism and alcoholic people.

How to Solve the Foreclosure Crisis Essay -- Economics

There should be a bifurcated targeting of the housing market. The first and main target of the housing recovery needs to be the cautious restructuring of the government sponsored entities—GSE’s—Fannie Mae (FNM), Freddie Mac (FRE) and to a lesser extent FHA. Recent news headlines put the combined total mortgage market share for the FNM, FRE and FHA at seventy-two percent (72%) [i] of the entire industry. The restructuring of those three entities will be a process of dividing their combined debt into at least ten smaller portfolios which individual investors can either incorporate into the existing businesses or form entirely new businesses made up of all or any part of the portfolio(s) they purchase. Each portfolio ideally will represent no more than a 5% to 7% share of the mortgage market so that we no longer have behemoths that are â€Å"too large to fail†. Further, the government will in all likelihood have to guarantee—for a limited period of time and with expectations of profit sharing similar to that of the banking bailouts and in fact the funds the banks are now paying back could be used for the purpose of guaranteeing so as not to offend the public—part of the initial funding that the private enterprises will need and want in order to get their respective pieces of the mortgage market launched. The breakup of these three GSE’s into numerous pieces will help manage the ability of success as it is not likely that all ten pieces will fail and as smaller players are easier to manage this will help increase the likelihood for success. In order for the government to get both the best price/value for each portfolio created from the breakup each of these portfolios should have different levels of mortgage debt risk. This will incr... ...o handle or avert another crisis should one come our way in the future and to return to the tax payer the monies it has already paid to bailing out these institutions. Works Cited [i] A combined market share of 72% for Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and FHA as indicated by Mortgage Market Note—CIRE Magazine: http://www.ciremagazine.com/article.php?article_id=307 (04/01/2009; 09/14/2009) also see the NPR report at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=98285028 (12/17/2008; 09/14/2009) [ii] BretWhissel Mortgage Calculator http://www.bretwhissel.net/cgi-bin/amortize (09/14/2009) [iii] American Institute for Economic Research report http://www.aier.org/research/commentaries/583-update-on-the-house-price-trends (10/16/2008; 09/14/2009) also see the iTulip report http://www.itulip.com/housingbubblecorrection.htm (01/20/2005; 09/14/2009)

Krispy Kreme – Analysis

But also, they must have a solid consumer base In the United States and In Canada. They should focus on having franchisees on Southeast Asia, where people patronize products from the West. Some examples of these countries are Japan, Taiwan, China and the Philippines. Crispy Creme could put up franchise stores internationally from 30-50 locations on the next year. They should not be in a hurry and every decision must be well-studied, especially now that they are facing some financial setbacks and faculties.If Crispy Creme decide to put up more stores in Europe, it will be hard for them to penetrate fully the market. As we all know, Europeans are traditional when it comes to their food. They still prefer eggs and bacon for their breakfast, unlike the Americans who can eat doughnuts during the mornings. To lessen the cost of stabling the company In Europe continent, they might as well put up a factory of Crispy Creme there In order for them to save on transporting doughnut mixes and equ ipments from united States to Europe.If there is a factory in a European country, then it will be easier to transport the ingredients from another country in Europe. Crispy Seeker's number-one competitor is Dunking' Donuts. Here in the Philippines, Dunking' Donuts is tagged as the â€Å"Absolving Eng Banyan†. It has its own impact in the Filipino masses. One of their major strengths as a competitor is its name recognition and market saturation. Also, its advertisement has a recall to the public. It is true that Crispy Creme is Just starting as an international player but it could learn some points room Dunking' Donuts.The major problem In Crispy Seeker's current strategy Is that the Individual factory stores do not have different approaches to marketing even though they are located In very different areas. What Crispy Creme should do Is to study the geographical area where they will put up a store and adapt Its environment. Secondly, people patronize Dunk Donuts Decease teeny nave aquanauts Walt â€Å"better† nutritional value, I. E. , are lower in calories, fat and sugar. Why not, Crispy Creme adapts the same kind of strategy. They should develop new flavors that are owe or have zero-calories.This is because nowadays people are so health-conscious and sees to it that they do not intake too much calories and too much sweets. Crispy Seeker's doughnut products do not appeal to health/weight/nutrition/low-Carr conscious consumers. They must work on that. They could introduce a sugar-free doughnut and perhaps a reduced-Carr doughnut that will be seen by customers as an acceptable and tasty product-?thus helping revive demand and sales volume. Internationally, Crispy Creme must plan to follow Cataracts, Coca-Cola and McDonald's.These companies rely on the uniqueness of the American cultural experience to sell its product. They enriched their companies' histories in their own locations: Cataracts in Seattle, Coca-Cola in Atlanta and McDonald's in Calif ornia. Crispy Creme could use its history in North Carolina to sell its products. Uniquely, they are also arousing the people's curiosity with their mint-theaters inside their stores. I must admit, I bought my first Crispy Creme Doughnuts out of curiosity when I saw their store in Mall of Asia.Another way to discover what the customers want would be to apply a system hat would allow customers to take monthly surveys in exchange for perks and freebies. Crispy Creme would not only get what the customers desired but this strategy would create customer loyalty. The customers may feel that their voices and suggestions and comments are appreciated by the company. Crispy Creme Doughnuts has long been relying on free media publicity through word-of-mouth. They don't appear to have put much effort into marketing their product. The company spent very little on advertising, depending largely on word of mouth, and local publicity.Crispy Creme should engage on a public outreach campaign, in whic h they act as sponsors for local community events. For example, the company could sponsor a local awareness program for diseases, disabilities etc. Freebies and stuff with the Crispy Creme logo could be handed out to those taking part in the event. This could be a way for the company to touch the Filipino masses and not maintain its image as for the rich people only. These strategies may help the company along with a very good management and seriously and carefully planning before decisions are made.

Kath Walker’s We Are Gloing

Basically the theme of the poem is the Aboriginals oppression. The fact they have had to give up on their old way of life and let go of the world that used to be theirs. The Aboriginals knew â€Å"We belong here, we are of the old ways† but eventually through white civilisation and development this life is â€Å"Gone and scattered,† everything is gone and now they had to leave. In summary, the theme of this poem is the oppression experienced by the Indigenous population that resulted in a loss of culture and life for the Indigenous now â€Å"gone and scattered. One example of a technique in the poem includes repetition such as that of the word ‘gone. ‘ The word gone typifies the themes of loss and it's repetition enforces this concept. Other techniques include alliteration such as ‘silent and subdued,' similes such as â€Å"Where now the many white men hurry about like ants,† capitalisation of the word Thunder, six stanza structure, first perso n narration etc. Good luck! The obvious technique is slow deliberate repetition. This reinforces the ancient sigh of a people dispossessed. All that is sacred has been violated. A history is being expunged. Alliteration: subdued and silent ( we even faintly hear the shush) Simile: white men hurry about like ants There are metaphors used by the naive speaker in this poem. They are the land, the elements, the fauna, the flora and the history. The warning is all this heart will be gone if the white man has his way. Kath Walker was right. Her warning was not heard. And they are gone! 1. Explain why they are â€Å"silent and subdued†. 2. How are white men represented? Why? 3. What is a bora ring and explain why it is so central to this poem. 4. Explain their reaction in line 8. 5. Lines 9-17 begin a ‘litany’. What is the effect produced? 6. Comment on the significance of metaphors used in the poem. 7. Comment on the structure and form of this poem. 8. Why does Thunder have a capital letter? 9. Comment on the mood and atmosphere created here. 10. Combine comments on its theme, title and conclusion. Answers 1. They were silent and subdued because little remained of their tribe and many strangers were busy at work like ants. 2. The white men were represented as ants because they were busy at work and hurrying around. 3. A bora ring is where an initiation is performed and is hardened earth done by foot which is surrounded by raised embankments in a formation of a circle and it is central because the bora ring is not being respected as a sign says, â€Å"Rubbish maybe tipped here†. 4. Their reaction meant that to the white men they are strangers and are treated like they don’t belong in Australia but the Aboriginals feel that the white men are the strangers and are in their land. 5. It gives an effect of showing their side of really saying that they are the real natives of Australia and not the white men and that now that they are the past. 6. It compares and shows how the Aboriginals feel. 7. It has six stanzas and has no rhyming pattern. 8. The emphasis the word as thunder is really the loud terrifying sound as a result of lightning. 9. They are in the fresh air of Australia near the Bora Ring and the mood is of sadness and subduedness because of how the Bora Ring is being mistreated. 10. ‘We are going’ are the three words in the title, conclusion and theme and portrays how the life of the Aboriginals would be as the Aboriginals are not welcome to their own homeland therefore they are saying that they will leave their old ways and be cast upon a low unwanted class forever.

Demise of a Hero Essay

The play Antigone is one of the known Greek tragedies. Written by Sophocles and performed in 441 BC, the play is considered, up to the present time one of the most recognized tragedies ever written. But then, what is a tragedy and what differentiates it from other forms? Aristotle, in his Poetics, defined tragedy as â€Å"the imitation of an action that is serious and also, as having magnitude, complete in itself.(Aristotle, VI.2)† Aside from such, tragedies also have the ability to instigate a feeling of pity and fear for the character. However, these feelings will be lost due to a catharsis or purging of such emotions caused by the tragic hero. There has been much debate as to who is the tragic hero in the play.   In Aristetolian definition , the tragic hero is doomed to fail and posseses a   tragic flaw, or fatal flaw. In the case of   Antigone, her tragic flaw, or misjudgement, that is hamartia is her higher laws of duty to the gods and one’s family. She is willing to do all things for the laws she strongly abides by and fight for the family whom she is devoted to. Creon ,   on the other hand, is quite the opposite. He disregards the directives from the gods. The characters’ tragic flaw takes the character down as the tragedy progresses. I quote from Antigone’s line â€Å"Gladly will I meet death in my sacred duty to the dead. Longer time have I to spend with them than with those who live upon the earth. Seek not to argue with me; nothing so terrible can come to me but that an honored death remains.†(Sophocles) Truly, Antigone is ready to face death to fulfill her duties. In Creon’s case, I quote, â€Å"Honoring the good and punishing the vile, as well beseems a ruler, I have assigned due funeral rites to Eteocles, who died fighting for the fatherland; but Polynices, who sought to make desolate with fire his native city and its gods, and who sought to glut himself with kindred blood and lead our citizens to slavery–to him shall no man give a tomb. Let the body lie mutilated, as a feast to dogs and birds. Therefore have I appointed watchers over his corpse, and do ye watch yourselves that no one disobey. Greed has often led men to their death.†(Sophocles) Aside from having a tragic flaw, Aristotle defines a tragic hero as having several other characteristics that invoke the emotions of the audience who are watching the tragedy. The tragic hero is characterized by four major attributes. The first, tragic flaw, or hubris has already been discussed in the earlier part. Another trait is that the character must be either born of noble blood, must posses nobility; or is born with a high degree of wisdom. In the case of Antigone, she is born of nobility. Antigone is Oedipus’ and Jocata’s daughter. Then again, Creon is also of noble origin since he is the current ruler at.that time. After such follows perepetia or a reversal of fortune which is caused by the aforementioned flaw. Antigone is emprisoned and starved to death, while Creon eventually loses all that he has. Creon’s anagorisris or realization of his mistakes came too late. When he consulted the prophet Teiresias, all of his family were dead and Antigone had already commited suicide. Antigone was written by Sophocles a known tragedian, it was written for Greek audience and was meant to be performed on a Greek stage. Antigone is One of the 3 Theban plays or Oedipus cycle. This set contains Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus and the aforementioned play, Antigone. The characters in the play are individuals who are part of Greek mythology. The play is set in the kingdom of Thebes at a time after the outbreak of a war in between armies led by the two sons of Oedipus. The main conflict of the play was presented in the beginning of the play. Since the beginning of the play, the conflict lies on the death of the two brothers who had apparently killed each other. Creon suggested that Polynices would not be given proper burial. He argues that since Polynices fought against the kingdom of Thebes, he cannot be buried with proper rights while Eteocles received full military honors in his burial. Having found out what had become of his brothers, Antigone defies Creon’s decree and decides to bury his brother. When Creon found out about this, he ordered for Polynices’ remains to be dug out. At this point, Antigone accepts to be punished by death for the action she has done. Ismene claims to be part of this incident but Antigone does not allow her to admit to such act. The Main characters in the play are: Antigone , Ismene, Antigone’s sister  Creon, Eurydice, Haemon and Teiresias. Antigone is a woman who adheres firmly to the law of the gods as well as the protection of her family. In the course of the play, we see that Antigone holds onto what she believes in up until her death. Ismene, as she goes into a dispute with her sister, showed her resilience and how Antigone’s ideas had greatly influenced her. Creon is Antigone’s uncle. But unlike Antigone, he is a firm believer of the laws of man. He is constrained by the ideas of simplicity and goos sense. Eurydice is Creon’s wife. She is silent but very significant since her suicide marked the total fall of Creon. Haemon is Antigone’s fiancà © and Creons son. He tries to convince his father to spare Antigone’s life. He was also responsible for speaking of the opinion of the people that Antigone’s decision was right. Teiresias is the blind prophet who spoke to tell Creon of his wrongdoings. Teriesias blindness and Eurydice’s silence tells us how significant the stillness can become.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In our modern age, there is still debate on who should be followed. Although most laws that are created adhere to the known laws of our religion, there is still conflict between the man-made and divine laws. At times, it is very difficult to decide which laws to put first, especially when there is no absolute right and wrong. However, as what had happened to Creon, it is very possible that we make a mistake and end up much like the tragedy that is in Antigone. Works Cited Aristotle, Poetics. Gregory, Justina, ed.. A Companion to Greek Tragedy, 2005 Segal, Charles, Tragedy and Civilization: An Interpretation of Sophocles (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999, new edition). Sophocles. Three Theban Plays. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Books, 1986,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   p. 35   

Hydraulic Turbines

M.V. Sai Ram AP17110020010 Branch: ECE Here some of the problems I faced in the research of the hydraulic turbines. Effect of blade numbers on slip factor of hydraulic turbine: The change curve of slip factor is shown when the blade numbers change at the design condition . With the increase in blade numbers, the slip factor within centripetal impeller is gradually increased, and the rate of increase is gradually decreased. Therefore, with the increase in blade numbers, the slip value within centripetal impeller is gradually decreased. The main reason is that function of restriction of blade gradually strengthens for fluid with the increase in blade numbers; it leads to the slip value within centripetal impeller being gradually decreased.Effect of entrance width of centripetal impeller on slip factor of hydraulic turbine. The hydraulic efficiency of a turbine excludes friction losses on the outside of the runner, leakage loss of water that does not pass through the runner blades and mechanical friction losses. The hydraulic efficiency of a well-designed turbine is 98-99%.Can interaction occur between the electric power system and the hydraulic system for this frequency range.Velocity and pressure are highly sensitive to the operation conditions. It has been found that the stresses in the trailing edge of the runner blade near the crown reach a critical state in all operating points.Abstract:A set of empirical has been developed which defines the peak efficiency and shape of the efficiency curve for hydraulic turbines as a function commissioning date for the unit ,rated flow, runner speed, and throat or impulse turbine jet diameter.The aim of this investigation was to develop an environmentally friendly nano-hydraulic turbine utilizing waterfalls. A model of an impulse type hydraulic turbine constructed and tested with an indoor type waterfall to arrive at an optimum installation condition. Effects of an installation parameter, namely distance between the rotor and the waterfall on the power performance were studied. The flow field around the rotor was examined visually to clarify influences of installation conditions on the flow field. The flow visualization showed differences of flow pattern around the rotor by the change of flow rate and rotational speed of the rotor.Every single turbine is custom-designed specifically to meet the requirements of a hydroelectric power plant. Performance of a designed turbine is validated, to some extent, by computational fluid dynamics simulations. Field performance testing of hydraulic turbines is undertaken to define the head-power-discharge relationship that identifies the peak operating point of the turbine. This relationship is essential for the efficient operation of a hydraulic turbine.The art of hydraulic turbine design never stands still but always progresses. In recent years major emphasis has been on the materials of construction and on such features of design as will reduce maintenance work and costly outages in the field.LimitationsHydro power plant or we can say that hydraulic turbines are widely used from the last decades. It is an efficient renewable energy source. There are many up and downs. Hence there Some limitations as shown in below,It is a renewable energy source. Water energy can be used again and again.the running cost of turbine or less compare to other.It has high efficiency.It does not pollute environment.It is to maintain.Importance: Here the importance of hydraulic turbine and their uses Turbines are used for hydropower generation. There are basically two types of hydraulic turbines, the first one is impulse and the second one is reaction type turbines. Impulse turbinesThe use of hydraulic turbines for the generation of power has a very strong historical tradition. The first truly effective inward flow reaction turbine was developed and tested by Francis. Modern Francis turbines have developed into very different forms from the original, but they all retain the concept of radial inward flow(Aradag,2018)Hydraulic turbines are not only used to convert hydraulic energy into electricity but also in pumped storage schemes, which is the most efficient large-scale technology available for the storage of electrical energy. Separate pumps and turbines or reversible machines, so called pump turbines, are used in such schemes.(Gordon,2010)The efficient application of advanced CFD is of great practical importance, as the design of hydraulic turbines is customtailored for each project. a CFD-based design method is used to obtain the runner blade shape and characteristics. The hydraulic turbine used to convert the potential energy of water to mechanical energy. Flowing water is directed on to the blades of a turbine runner, creating a force on the blades. Since the runner is spinning, the force acts through a distance (force acting through a distance is the definition of work). In this way, energy is transferred from the flowing water to the turbine.(Guangtai,2015) In Francis turbines, water enters the turbine runner in the radial direction and leaves axially. The main parts of a Francis turbine are spiral case, stationary vanes, guide vanes, runner, and draft tube, as shown in Figure 1. The flowrate and accordingly the produced power are adjusted by the guide vanes. The spiral case regulates the velocity profile entering the turbine, whereas the stationary vanes provide the mechanical strength.3 The most critical part of the turbine, runner, converts the water energy to mechanical energy and rotates the generator(Aradag,2018)A new design of main bearing and carbon seal ring for vertical-shaft Francis turbines provides a bearing immersed in an oil bath covering about one-third of its vertical length. Properly slanted and shaped oil grooves provide for self lubrication, thereby eliminating the troubles usually associated with mechanical lubrication. (Rheingans,1948)Research:The research I have done based on the hydraulic turbines and power plant design. The goals in the development of an optimal water turbine with high efficiency. Can interaction occur between the electric power system and the hydraulic system for this frequency range. Hydraulic turbines of hydroelectric power plants are designed and manufactured according to the head and discharge parameters of a specific plant. Each hydroelectric power plant is different and requires a custom-designed turbine for better performance.Francis-type hydraulic turbines : In Francis turbines, water enters the turbine runner in the radial direction and leaves axially. The main parts of a Francis turbine are spiral case, stationary vanes, guide vanes, runner, and draft tube. The flowrate and accordingly the produced power are adjusted by the guide vanes. The spiral case regulates the velocity profile entering the turbine, whereas the stationary vanes provide the mechanical strength.The most critical part of the turbine, runner, converts the water energy to mechanical energy and rotates the generator. The principal feature of a reaction turbine that distinguishes it from an impulse turbine is that only a part of the total head available at the inlet to the turbine is converted to velocity head, before the runner is reached. Also in the reaction turbines the working fluid, instead of engaging only one or two blades, completely fills the passages in the runner. The pressure or static head of the fluid changes gradually as it passes through the runner along with the change in its kinetic energy based on absolute velocity due to the impulse action between the fluid and the runner. Description Reference List: Brekke,H.(January 08,2010).Performance and Safety of Hydraulic Turbines,12(1),1-11,Beijing, China. Retrieved: 9 March 2018http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/12/1/012061Gordon,J.L.(December 18,2001).Hydraulic Turbine Efficiency,28(2),238-253,CanadianJournal of Civil Engineering. Retrieved: 10 March 2018http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/l00-102#.Wqgl0ehuZPZGuangtai,S.Xiaobing,L.Junhu,Y.Senchun,M.Jicheng,Li.(Juli,2015).heoretical research ofhydraulic turbine performance based on slip factor within centripetal impeller,7(7),1-9.Retrieved: 11 March 2018https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814015593864Ikeda,T.Tatsuno,k(January 03,2010).Performance of Nano-hydraulic turbine utilizingwaterfalls,35(1),168.Retrieved : 10 March 2018https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222577757_Performance_of_nano-hydraulic_turbine_utilizing_waterfallsKavurmaci,B.Celebioglu,K.Aradag,S.Tascioglu,Y.(June 29,2018),50(3),70-73Model Testing of Francis-Type Hydraulic Turbines . Tobb University of Economics andTechnology, Ankara, Turkey. Retrieved: 7 March 2018https://doi.org/10.1177/0020294017702284Manness,J.Doering,j(March 26,2005).An improved model for predicting the efficiency ofhydraulic propeller turbines,32(5),789-795, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. Retrieved:9 March 2018http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/l05-029#.Wqh9suhuZPYhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6444369/authorRudd, F.O. (July 01,1965).Hydraulic Turbine Setting Criteria,87(3),295-298.Technical Engineering Branch Analysis Branch. Retrieved: 5 March 2018http://gasturbinespower.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=1416900